6 Critical Analysis of Arguments Flashcards
What is logic?
Logic is like a set of rules for thinking clearly and figuring out if something is true. It helps us make good decisions and avoid mistakes.
What is the law of non-contradiction?
It means something can’t be true and false at the same time.
What is inductive reasoning?
It’s using your experiences to make general conclusions.
What is deductive reasoning?
It’s using general rules to figure out specific things.
What is an argument?
It’s giving reasons to support an idea.
What is arbitrariness?
It means doing something without a clear reason or purpose.
What is relativism?
Relativism is the idea that what’s true for one person might not be true for another.
What is ignorant conjecture?
It’s making a claim without good reasons or evidence to believe it.
What is bias?
Bias is having a preference for one side without looking at all the facts.
What is inconsistency?
It means your words and actions don’t match.
What is reductio ad absurdum?
It’s showing that an argument leads to something impossible or silly.
What is hypocrisy?
It’s saying one thing but doing the opposite.
What are the consequences of an idea?
Consequences are the things that happen as a result of an idea or action.
What are presuppositions?
It’s something you believe is true without thinking about it too much.
What are preconditions of intelligibility?
They are the things that must be true for something to make sense.
What is materialism?
It’s the idea that everything is made of physical stuff.
What is determinism?
Determinism is the idea that everything that happens is already decided by things that happened before.
What are abstract entities?
Abstract entities are things that exist in our minds and not in the physical world.
What are essences?
Essences are the qualities that make something what it is.
What is nominalism?
It’s the idea that names and categories are just things we make up.
What is the inductive principle?
It’s the idea that we can learn about the future based on what happened in the past.
What are some procedural errors when responding to arguments?
It’s making a mistake in how you respond to an argument.
What does it mean to refute an argument?
It’s showing that an argument is wrong by identifying a mistake in its reasoning or a false premise.
Can an argument have a false conclusion even if the argument itself is refuted?
Refuting an argument doesn’t automatically make the conclusion false.
What is informal logic?
It’s like figuring out the hidden meanings and assumptions in everyday conversations and arguments.
What are informal fallacies?
They are common mistakes in reasoning that can make arguments weak or misleading.
What are fallacies of ambiguity?
They are mistakes in arguments that happen when words or phrases have more than one meaning and cause confusion.
