6. Cranium, Meningies, Bld Vessels, Ventricles, CSF, BBB

Question 1

What goes through the superior orbital fissure(4)

Answer 1

III, IV, VI, V1

Question 2

What goes through optic canal?

Answer 2

CN II

Question 3

Middle Meningial Artery goes through?

Answer 3

Foramen Spinosum

Question 4

Path of internal carotid?

Answer 4

carotid foramen–>carotid canal

Question 5

Path of CN VII

Answer 5

enters internal auditory meatus–>exits via stylomastoid foramen

Question 6

Path of CN VIII

Answer 6

enters IAM exits external auditory meatus

Question 7

what exits through jugular foramen?

Answer 7

IX, X, XI

Question 8

why is XI weird?

Answer 8

spinal branches go in through foramen magnum, join the cranial branches and exit jugular foramen

Question 9

CN XII exits through

Answer 9

hypoglossal canal

Question 10

What creates the ant, middle and post cranial fossa?

Answer 10

sphenoid bone ant and petrous bone posterior

Question 11

3 meningial layers

Answer 11

pia
arachnoid
dura

Question 12

what separates R and L cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 12

falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Question 13

2 potential spaces

Answer 13

epidural(arterial bleed) and subdural(venous)

Question 14

true space

Answer 14

subarachnoid(rupture of large blood vessels)

Question 15

Epineurium is from ____? Perineurium?

Answer 15

Dura; Arachnoid

Question 16

Dural Membrane surrounding spinal cord is ____ layer(s)?

Answer 16

1

Question 17

External Carotid supplies ____, ____, _____

Answer 17

face, scalp, meningies

Question 18

R and L vertebral branch off ________ and enter vertebral foramen at ___, entering caldaria via ____ and eventually join at pontomedullary jcn forming ______

Answer 18

Subclavian, C6, Foramen Magnum, Basilar Artery

Question 19

Why is a certain branch of the external carotid very significant?

Answer 19

Middle meningeal can be ruptured with head trauma–>epidural bleed

Question 20

Circle of Willis

Answer 20

2 vertebral aa give off PICA then form basilar
Basilar gives AICA, pontine branches and superior cerebellar and finally posterior cerebral
Posterior cerebral communicates with interior carotid via posterior communicating
Internal Carotid gives anterior cerebrals which communicate via anterior communicating

Question 21

Name Venous Sinuses of Brain (6)

Answer 21

Superior Sagittal
Inferior Sagittal
Straight Sinus
Transverse Sinus
Cavernous Sinus
Great Cerebral Vein(of Galen)

Question 22

Organization of ventricles in brain?

Answer 22

2 lateral–>interventricular foramen of Monro–>Third Ventricle–>Cerebral Aqueduct(Sylvius)–>Fourth Ventricle

Question 23

CSF (20ml/hr) created in ____? Reabsorbed in ___?

Answer 23

Choroid Plexus; Arachnoid Granulations

Question 24

Blockage of interventricular foramen or aqueduct?

Blockage of Arachnoid Granulations?

Answer 24

Obstructive Hydrocephalus-buildup of intraventricular CSF

Non-Obstructive Hydrocephalus

Question 25

BBB made up of 3 things (via DIT)!!

Answer 25

Tight Junctions, Basement Membrane, Astrocyte foot processes

Question 26

Structure of Choroid Plexus?

Answer 26

outpouching of capillary and pia into ventricular space, lined by ependymal cells(normal fenestrations)

Question 27

What are circumventricular organs? examples?

Answer 27

organs that monitor and regulate fluctuations in blood chemistry and lack a blood brain barrier;
-Organum Vasculosum and Neurohypophysis

Question 28

Octanol/Water Coefficient significance

Answer 28

the more lipid soluble a drug, the easier it gets into the CNS and the faster it leaves; quick in quick out