6: CAD Management Flashcards
Name 8 risk factors for CAD.
- Inactivity
- Obesity
- HTN
- AA
- Cigarette Smoking
- High Cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Prediabetes
_____ is the leading cause of death for both men and women.
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women.
How is coronary artery dominance determined?
The artery that supplies the posterior descending artery (PDA) (a.k.a. posterior interventricular artery) and the posterolateral artery (PLA) determine the coronary dominance.
Which artery is the supplier if you have right coronary artery dominance?
Right coronary artery (RCA)
Which artery is the supplier if you have left coronary artery dominance?
Circumflex artery (CX)
How does supply work with coronary artery codominance?
If the RCA supplies the PDA and the CX supplies the PLA, the circulation is known as “codominant.”
Which type of coronary artery dominance is most common?
- Right 60%
- Codominant 25%
- Left 15%
What causes CAD?
Damaged endothelium that leads to a fatty streak, fibrous plaque, or complicated lesion.
What are 8 causes of chronic epithelial injury leading to CAD?
- HTN
- Tobacco use
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hyperhomocysteinemia
- Hemodynamic factors
- Diabetes
- Infections
- Immune reactions
What are 6 modifiable risk factors for CAD?
- Elevated LDL
- Low HDL
- Cigarette Smoking
- HTN
- Obesity
- Sedentary Lifestyle
What are 3 nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD?
- Age/Gender (Men >45, Women >55)
- CHD in male 1st-degree relative
- CHD in female 1st-degree relative
What are the requirements for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
- 3+ risk factors:
- Waist >40 in men or >35 in women
- Triglycerides >150
- HDL <40 in men or <50 in women
- BP >130/85
- Fasting glucose >100
Having metabolic syndrome increases your chances of what?
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Diabetes
What diagnostic tests are useful in CAD and why?
- EKG
- CXR
- Transthoracic Echocardiogram
Which lab tests would you order for CAD?
- CBC
- CMP
- Lipids/Direct LDL
- Creatine Kinase (CK)
- TSH
- CRP
- Homocysteine
Which lab test?
Used to determine the presence of anemia or infection.
CBC
Which lab test?
Used to evaluate renal and liver function (for use when prescribing meds).
CMP
Which lab test?
Used to evaluate baseline risk factors.
Lipids/Direct LDL
Which lab test?
Used to measure muscle enzymes.
Creatine Kinase (CK)
Which lab test?
Baseline needed for the use of statins.
Creatine Kinase (CK)
Which lab test?
Used to determine the presence of arrhythmias or other causes of ischemia.
TSH
Which lab test?
Used to carry out stratification.
CRP and Homocystein
Which lab test?
Evidence suggests these labs are not helpful.
CRP and Homocystein
Angioplasty with possible stenting.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
What are 2 types of stents?
- Bare-Metal
- Drug-Eluting (slowly releases drug to stop cell proliferation)
Reconfiguring the patient’s blood flow with the patient’s arteries or vein grafts.
Bypass Surgery
