6 Basics of the Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the CNS and what makes up the PNS?

A

CNS

Cerebral hemishpheres

Brainstem

Spinal cord

PNS

Dorsal and ventral roots

Spinal nerves

Peripheral nerves

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2
Q

The brain is said to flex on a 90 degree angle. Where is the ventral part of the brain on the following image and where is the dorsal part?

A
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3
Q

Label the 1-3 of the brainstem and give there functions:

A
  • Midbrain: Eye movements and reflex responses
    • eg Loud noise- reflex to turn towards it
  • Pons: Feeding and sleeping
    • eg Baby reflex to start sucking
  • Medulla: CVS and Respiratory systems
    • Major motor pathway
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4
Q

‘Pons’ means bridge. Why is this part of the brain given this name?

A
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5
Q

What are the labelled parts of the brainstem also known as? Locate the medullary pyramids on this image:

A
  • Midbrain: Mesencephalon
  • Pons: Metencephalon
  • Medulla: Myelencephalon
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6
Q

What is highlighted in pink in the following diagram?

A
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7
Q

What is decussation?

A

Crossing over of pathways

  • (Deca= 10)- X crosses over*
  • Body controlled by contralateral sides*
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8
Q

Differentiate between the following:

Sulcus

Gyrus

Fissure

A
  • Sulcus- groove/furrow in brain, separates adjacent gyri
  • Gyrus- ridge or fold in brain
  • Fissure- large crack/ split between adjacent large areas of brain
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9
Q

On the following image, which area of the brain controls motor function and which area is sensory?

A
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10
Q

Label the parts of the brain shown on this image and give their function:

A

Frontal: Higher cognition, motor function, speech

Parietal: Sensation, spatial awareness

Temporal: Memory, smell, hearing

Occipital: Vision

Cerebellum: Coordination and motor learning

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11
Q

What is the clinical significance of the uncus? (part of temporal lobe)

A

Part of temporal lobe that can herniate- compressing midbrain

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12
Q

Label the highlighted parts of the brain and give their function:

A

Corpus callosum: fibres connecting 2 cerebral hemispheres

Thalamus: Sensory relay station- projecting to sensory cortex

Hypothalamus: Homeostasis

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