13- Nose, Nasal cavity, Paranasal sinuses Flashcards
What are the functions of the nose and the nasal cavity?
Air
Speech
Smell
Fill in the missing label:
What is the vestibule of the nose lined with?
- Skin- containing sebaceous/sweat glands
- Hair- filters inspired air
What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?
What are conchae?
Bony projections- plates of bone covered by respiratory mucosa
Fill in the missing labels:
Conchae= turbinates
What is the function of the conchae (turbinates)?
- Slow airflow by causing turbulence
- Increase SA over which air passes
Fill in the missing labels (parts of the nasal septum)
How can a septal haematoma be formed?
Blood accumulates in sub-perichondrium- depriving underlying cartilage of blood supply
How can a Saddle-nose deformity be caused from a septal haematoma (if left untreated)?
(always examine for a septal haematoma in a patient with a nasal injury)
Which nerve carries general sensation from the nasal cavity and which nerve stimulates the mucous glands in the nose?
General sensation: trigeminal (V)
Mucous glands in nose: facial (VII)
Fill in the missing labels:
Nasal mucosa has rich blood supply
What is the function of the respiratory region? (see image)
What is a nasal polyp? Who is it likely to affects?
Fleshy, benign swelling of nasal mucosa
Usually bilateral- common under middle turbinate
Common in 40yrs +
What are the symptoms of a nasal polyp? What would a red flag be?
Blocked nose
Watery rhinorrhoea
Post-nasal drip (back of throat/cough)
Decreased smell and reduced taste (if large)
(Unlikely to feel pain when touched)
RED FLAG: Unilateral polyp +/- blood-tinged secretion- may suggest tumour
What are the symptoms of rhinitis? (inflammation of nasal mucosal lining)
(usually caused by common cold/allergy)
Symptoms:
- nasal congestion
- rhinorrhoea
- sneezing
- nasal irritation
- postnasal drip
What is the most common source of bleeding in epistaxis (nosebleeding)? Which arteries supply the nose(2)?
Kisselbach’s plexus (little’s area) = arterial anastamoses in anterior septum
(Nose supplied by opthalmic and maxillary artery
Where should you pinch the nose to stop a nose bleed?
Sometimes a nose bleed can be serious (if it is more posterior than Keisselbach’s plexus). Which artery is usually the source of a posterior nosebleed?
Sphenopalatine artery
Not easy to reach to tamponade
What are the paranasal sinuses lined with? Which sinus is most commonly affected by sinusitis?
Lined with: respiratory mucosa (ciliated and secrete mucous)
Sinus most commonly affected: maxillary (as has to work against gravity)
Named according to bone they’re in
Which nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the paranasal sinuses?
What is acute sinusitis? What are the presenting symptoms? How is treated?
What (with relation to symptoms associated with bacterial sinusitis) makes a bacterial infection more likely than a viral one?
Outline the pathophysiology of acute bacterial sinusitis:
