15 Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Fill in the missing labels:

A
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2
Q

The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. How many intrinsic muscles are there, how are they orientated and which nerve are they innervated by?

A
  • 4 paired intrinsic muscles
  • 3 axis of orientation
  • Hypoglossal nerve innervation (CN XII)
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3
Q

Identify the extrinsic muscles of the tongue on the following diagram:

A
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4
Q

Which nerves supply the special sensory and general sensory innervation to the tongue?

A
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5
Q

Via which ducts does saliva enter the oral cavity?

A
  • Parotid: Stensen duct (medial and superior to second molar)
  • Submandibular: Wharton duct (under tongue)
  • Sublingual: multiple ducts- floor of oral cavity
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6
Q

What is sialolithiasis? How is it caused? What are the symptoms? How is it diagnosed?

A
  • What?
    • Salivary gland stones (most in submandibular glands)
  • How is it caused?
    • Dehydration, reduced salivary flow
  • Symptoms?
    • Pain in gland
    • Swelling
    • Infection
  • Diagnosis?
    • X-ray, sialogram (dye)
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7
Q

What causes tonislitis? What are the symptoms?

A
  • Viral- most common
  • Bacterial- up to 40%
    • Strep pyogenes

Symptoms:

  • Fever
  • Sore throat
  • Dysphagia
  • Bad breath
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8
Q

How might a peritonsillar abscess be caused? What are the symptoms?

A
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9
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasopahrynx?

A
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10
Q

If a patient has enlarged adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils), what symptoms might they present with?

A
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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx and which tonsils are contained within it?

A
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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx?

A
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13
Q

Name the 3 muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and state their innervations. (2 are identifiable on this diagram)

A

Stylopharyngeus- CN IX

Palatopharyngeus- Pharyngeal branch of vagus, CN X

Salpingopharyngeus- Pharyngeal branch of vagus, CN X

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14
Q

Name and identify the 3 circular muscles that constrict the walls of the pharynx during swallows and what nerve are they innervated by?

A
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15
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

A

Posteromedial diverticulum

  • in weakness between 2 parts of inferior constrictor muscle (Killian’s dehiscence
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16
Q

How is a pharyngeal pouch caused?

A
17
Q

Useful summary of nerve innervation to pharynx:

A
18
Q

What symptoms may be caused by damage to the hypoglossal nerve (XII) ?

A
19
Q

Give a possible cause of damage to the cranial nerves IX and X.

A

Medullary infarct

Jugular foramen issue (fracture)