6. Axis & 7. Hypertrophy Flashcards
Axis
what can benignly cause R deviation
being tall & thin
Axis
what can benignly cause L deviation?
obesity/pregnancy
which leads do you look at for axis?
I and aVF
Axis
where are pos/neg ends of Lead I
- pos at the L hand
- neg at the R hand
Axis
where are pos/neg ends of aVF?
- pos at foot
- neg between the hands
Axis
causes of R axis deviation?
3 (not the causes mentioned above)
- infarct in LV
- RV hypertrophy
- vertical heart
Axis
causes of L axis deviation
3
- Infarct in RV
- LV hypertrophy
- Horizontal Heart
Axis
Lead I tells us the electricity is moving in which direction
- horizontally –>
Axis
Lead aVF tells us electricity is moving in which direction
- down, towards foot
Axis
what is normal axis?
- lead I upright
- aVF upright
Axis
what is L axis deviation?
- lead I upright
- aVF down
Axis
what is R axis deviation?
- lead I down
- aVF upright
Axis
what is extreme R axis deviation
- Lead I down
- aVF down
Hypertrophy
what wave on EKG is represented by atrial depolarization?
P wave
Hypertrophy
where to look for atrial hypertrophy?
lead II
Hypertrophy
EKG findings of LAE
- p wave > 2.55
- tall p wave
Hypertrophy
why do we see tall p waves with LAE
R atrial depolarization is happening on top of L atrial depolarization so they “combine”
Hypertrophy
EKG findings of LAE
- wider and notched P wave
- P wave > 120 ms (3 small boxes)
Hypertrophy
why might P wave be double humped w/ LAE
- depolarization falls out of normal step w/ R atria
Hypertrophy
what lead to look at for RVH
V1/V2
Hypertrophy
what lead to look at for LVH?
V5/V6
Hypertrophy
describe normal QRS progression
- R waves get progressively larger from V1 to V6
- typically peak in height around V5
Hypertrophy
EKG findings for RVH
- reverse R wave progression
- R waves are largest in V1 and smallest in V4/V5/V6
Hypertrophy
EKG findings for LVH
- large S wave in V1/V2
- Bigger R waves in V5/V6
