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CD II > 4. & 5. Rhythm > Flashcards

4. & 5. Rhythm Flashcards

1
Q

describe sinus rhythm

A
  • 60-100 bpm
  • regular rhythm
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2
Q

describe sinus arrhythmia

A
  • rate between 60-100 bpm
  • inspiration: slightly increases HR
  • expiration: slightly decreases HR
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3
Q

Irregular Rhythms

what are the 3 irregularly irregular rhythms?

A
  • WAP
  • MAT
  • a fib
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4
Q

Irregular Rhythms

describe WAP

A
  1. p’ waves
  2. rate less than 100 bpm
  3. irregularly irregular
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5
Q

Irregular Rhythms

describe MAT

A
  1. irregularly irregular
  2. rate > 100bpm
  3. p’ waves
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6
Q

Irregular Rhythms

describe a fib

A
  1. irregularly irregular
  2. no real p waves
  3. normal QRS
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7
Q

Escape Arrhythmias

differentiate escape beat vs rhythm

A
  • beat: 1 1 1 PAUSE 2 1 1 1
  • rhythm: 1 1 1 PAUSE 2 2 2 2
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8
Q

Escape Arrhythmias

when does:
1. atrial escape rhythm
2. junctional escape rhythm
3. ventricular escape rhythm
occur

A
  1. atrial: SA node fails and an atrial foci takes over
  2. junctional: when SA node and atrial foci fail, AV junction takes over
  3. ventricular: SA node, atrial foci, and AV junction fail
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9
Q

Escape Arrhythmias

EKG findings of atrial escape rhythm

A
  1. p’ wave
  2. rate 60-80bpm
  3. p’ wave continues in all beats after pause
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10
Q

Escape Arrhythmias

EKG findings junctional escape rhythm

A
  1. 40-60bpm
  2. normal QRS
  3. absent, inverted, or hidden p waves
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11
Q

Escape Arrhythmias

EKG findings for ventricular escape rhythm

A
  1. 20-40 bpm
  2. absent p waves
  3. wide QRS complex
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12
Q

Escape Arrhythmias

describe atrial escape beat

A

p’ wave followed by normal QRS complex & return to initial p waves

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13
Q

Escape Arrhythmias

describe junctional escape beat

A

retrograde, absent, or hidden p wave w/ normal QRS

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14
Q

Escape Arrhythmias

describe ventricular escape beats

A

absent p waves + wide QRS complex

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15
Q

Premature Beats

what can cause atrial or junctional premature beats

A
  1. adrenaline
  2. increased sympathetic stimulation
  3. stims
  4. drug toxicity
  5. hyperthyroidism
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16
Q

Premature Beats

EKG findings of PAB

A
  1. p’ wave
  2. early cardiac depolarization
  3. compensatory pause to maintain NSR
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17
Q

Premature Beats

what is PAB w/ AVC

A

p’ wave w/ wide QRS

don’t worry about this

18
Q
A
19
Q

Premature Beats

describe bigeminy/trigeminy

A

when premature beats are coupled (1 reg beat + irregular or 2 reg beats + irregular)

20
Q

Premature Beats

EKG findings of premature junctional beats

A
  1. norm QRS
  2. inverted, hidden, or absent p wave
  3. early beat
21
Q

Premature Beats

EKG findings of PVC

A
  1. QRS wide
  2. QRS tall
  3. absent p wave
  4. early beat
22
Q

v tach vs sustained v tach

A
  1. 3+ PVCs
  2. 30+ s of v tach
23
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

what is a paroxysmal tachycardia?

A

sudden rapid pacing, 150-250 bpm

24
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

describe SVT on EKG

A
  • 150 + bpm
  • cannot differentiate p or t waves
25
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

EKG findings of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia

A
  1. series of PVCs
  2. 150-250 bpm
  3. wide/tall QRS
26
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

describe torsades de pointes

A
  • rapid ventricular rhythm
  • rate: 250-350
  • “ribbon” shape
27
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

describe a flutter

A
  • “saw tooth” pattern
28
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

describe v flutter

A
  • 250-350 bpm
  • nnnnnnnn (waves all approx same size)
  • taller waves than v fib
29
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

describe v fib

A

EKG looks like child’s drawing all over the place

30
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

which accessory bundle exists with wolff-parkinson-white syndrome?

A

bundle of kent

31
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

hallmarks of WPW

A
  1. short PR
  2. slurred R wave (delta)
  3. wide QRS
32
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

which accessory bundle exists with lown-ganong-levine syndrome?

A

james bundle (AV bypassed)

33
Q

Tachy-Arrhythmias

EKG findings

A
  • no PR interval
  • normal size QRS
34
Q

AV Blocks

describe First Degree AV Block

A
  • slowed conduction through AV node
35
Q

AV Blocks

EKG findings of 1st Degree AV

A
  • long PR interval
  • fixed, continuous
36
Q

AV Blocks

EKG findings of type 1 2nd degree AV block

A
  • regularly irregular
  • progressively longer PR intervals until QRS is dropped
37
Q

AV Blocks

EKG findings Type II 2nd Degree AV block

A
  • QRS drop
  • fixed width PR interval (can be long or normal)
38
Q

AV Blocks

EKG findings of 3rd Degree AV block

A
  • regular rate of p waves
  • regular rate of QRS complex
  • they occur separate from each other
39
Q

BBBs

describe RBBB

A
  • “rabbit ears”
  • best seen in V1/V2
  • LV depolarizes before RV
40
Q

BBBs

describe LBBB

A
  • “leprochaun hat”
  • RV depolarizes before LV
  • best seen in V5/V6

CD II (6 decks)

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