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CD II > 1. & 2. EKG Intro (Lead Placement) > Flashcards

1. & 2. EKG Intro (Lead Placement) Flashcards

1
Q

blood flow through heart

A
  1. IVC/SVC
  2. RA
  3. Tricuspid valve
  4. RV
  5. Pulmonary valve
  6. Pulm arteries
  7. Lungs
  8. Pulm veins
  9. LA
  10. bicuspid/mitral valve
  11. LV
  12. aortic valve
  13. aorta
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2
Q

cell to cell contraction of depolarization is carried by what ions?

A

Na+

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3
Q

depolarization is when?

A

cells become posiitve

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4
Q

what causes heart contraction

A

depolarization of myocytes (positive cells!)

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5
Q

what does p wave represent

A

depolarization of atria

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6
Q

what does QR interval represent

A

AV node delay allowing ventricles to fill

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7
Q

what does QRS complex represent

A

ventricular depolarization

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8
Q

what does ST segment represent

A

beginning of ventricular repolarization

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9
Q

what does t wave represent

A

ventricular repolarization

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10
Q

which node is the dominant pacemaker?

A

SA node

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11
Q

order of pacemaker cells if failure + their bpms

A
  1. SA node (60-100 bpm)
  2. AV node (60-80 bpm)
  3. Junctional Foci (40-60 bpm)
  4. Ventricular Foci (20-40 bpm)
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12
Q

how long is the width of one small box? 1 big box?

A

0.04s ; 0.20s

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13
Q

how tall is 1 small box? 1 big box?

A

1mm; 5mm

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14
Q

what does an upward deflection mean?

A

depolarization is occuring in a direction toward the pos electrode

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15
Q

describe limb lead I

A
  • R hand negative
  • L hand positive
  • goes toward L hand
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16
Q

describe limb lead II

A
  • R hand negative
  • foot positive
  • goes toward foot
17
Q

describe limb lead III

A
  • L hand negative
  • foot positive
  • goest toward foot
18
Q

describe concept of augmented limb leads

A

create a new (imaginary) lead between two existing limb leads

19
Q

describe aVR

A
  • “negative” exists between L hand and foot
  • positive end at R hand
20
Q

describe aVL

A
  • negative exists between R hand and foot
  • positive end at L hand
21
Q

describe aVF

A
  • negative exists between R and L hands
  • positive end at foot
22
Q

what are the precordial leads?

A

chest leads

23
Q

where is positive end of precordial leads

A

at the electrode that is on the chest

24
Q

describe normal R wave progression

A

R waves get larger as you move from V1 to V6

25
Q

what lead should you look at for the p wave?

A

lead II

26
Q

expected size of p wave

A
  • height: less than 2.5mm (2.5 small boxes)
  • width: less than 0.11s (3 small boxes)
27
Q

define PR interval

A

start of p wave to the start of the QRS complex (includes P wave + PR interval, NOT QRS complex)

28
Q

expected size of PR interval

A

less than 1 big box (0.12 to 0.20s)

29
Q

normal size of QRS complex

A

smaller than 0.12s

30
Q

what is the J point

A

point between the QRS and the ST segment

31
Q

what two things fully represent ventricular repolarization?

A

ST segment + T wave

32
Q

what is included in the QT interval

A
  • full QRS complex
  • ST segment
  • full T wave
33
Q

what is the u wave?

A

small pos deflections seen after T wave

34
Q

where are u waves best seen

A

V2, V3

35
Q

what is inverted u wave specific for? what might u waves be seen with?

A
  • inverted: MI
  • present: hypokalemia
36
Q

kinds of artifact?

A
  • somatic tremors
  • baseline sway
  • artifact masquerading as asystole
  • toothbrush tachy (masturbating)
37
Q

order for EKG interpretation

A
  1. rate
  2. rhythm (reg reg/reg irreg/irreg irreg)
  3. p waves
  4. PR interval
  5. QRS complex
  6. axis
  7. hypertrophy
  8. ST segments
  9. T waves

CD II (6 decks)

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