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DMD 5221 > 6 - Axial Muscles (complete) > Flashcards

6 - Axial Muscles (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three parts of the epicranius

A
  1. the frontal belly of the occipitalfrontalis
  2. the galea aponeurotica
  3. the occipital belly of the occipitalfrontalis
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2
Q

What are the muscles that surround the ear

A 
auricularis anteriorior
Auricularis superior
Auricularis posterior
temporoparietalis
occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
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3
Q

Which Muscles of facial expression aren’t innervated by CN VII, and which nerve innervates them

A

levator palpabrae superioris (Occulomotor nerve CN III)

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4
Q

is the buccinator a muscle of mastication

A

no, but it does help in chewing by keeping the bolus of food against the teeth during mastication (compresses the cheeks)

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5
Q

what nerve innervates the buccinator

A

CN vII

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6
Q

What is the origin/insertion of the buccinator

A

O: Alveolar processes of Maxilla and Mandible and pterygomandibular raphe
I: Blends into fibers of orbicularis oris

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7
Q

What is the pterygomandibular raphe

A

a linear-cord like connective tissue ligament that runs from the pterygoid hamulus to the mandible, immediately posterior to third molar

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8
Q

What attaches to the pterygomandibular raphe

A

the buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor

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9
Q

What are the muscles of mastication

A

Masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

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10
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the two different heads of the lateral pterygoid

A

Superior head
O: lateral portion of the greater wing of sphednoid
I: Articular disk and capsule of TMJ

Inferior head
O: Lateral surface of pterygoid plate
I: superiomedial surface of the ramus of the mandible and the condylar process

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11
Q

What are the actions of the lateral pterygoids

A

bilateral
- protrudes mandible, pulls disk forward, depresses mandible

Unilateral
- Excusion (lateral movements), moves away from active side

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12
Q

What is the only muscle of mastication that doesn’t elevate the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid

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13
Q

What innervates the lateral pterygoid

A

the lateral pterygoid nerve, from the mandibular nerve (which is CN V3)

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14
Q

What passes between the heads of the lateral pterygoid

A

the buccal branch of CNV

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15
Q

What are the two heads of the medial pterygoid called

A

superficial (external) and deep (internal)

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16
Q

What are the Origins and insertions of the two heads of the medial pterygoid

A

Superficial
O: Maxillary tuberosity
I: Medial surface of ramus and angle of the mandible

Deep
O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, lateral surface of medial pterygoid plate, and the pterygoid fossa
I: Medial surface of ramus and angle of the mandible

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17
Q

What are the actions of the medial pterygoid

A

Bilateral
Elevates and protrudes the mandible
Unilateral
lateral excursive movements (away from working side)

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18
Q

What innervates the medial pterygoid

A

Medial pterygoid nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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19
Q

What is the deepest muscle of mastication

A

the medial pterygoid

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20
Q

What are the portions of the temporalis muscle

A

anterior (vertical fibers)
middle ( oblique fibers)
posterior portion (horizontal fibers)

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21
Q

What is the origin/insertion of the temporalis

A

O: inferior temporal line of the temporal fossa and the temporal fascia
I: coronoid process of mandible and the anterior border of the ramus

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22
Q

how does the temporalis pass in relation to the zygomatic arch

A

it travels under the zygomatic arch

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23
Q

What are the actions of the temporalis

A 
Bilateral
Anterior portion - elevate mandible
middle portion  - retrude mandible
posterior portion - retrude mandible
Unilateral
lateral excursive movements
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24
Q

What nerve innervates the temporalis

A

Deep temporal nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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25
Q

What is the main postural muscle of the muscles of mastication

A

temporalis

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26
Q

What are the heads of the masseter

A

superficial (larger, with down and back fibers)

deep (smaller and vertical fibers)

27
Q

What are the Origins and Insertions of the heads of the masster

A

Superior head
O: anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch
I: angle and ramus of mandible

Deep head
O: posterior 1/3 of zygomatic arch
I: mandibular ramus and coronoid process

28
Q

What are the actions of the masseter

A

bilateral
elevate and protrude mandible (protrude = superficial head)

Unilateral
Lateral excursive movements

29
Q

What is the innervation of the masseter

A

masseteric nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3)

30
Q

What are the three things that pass superficial to the masster

A

parotid duct
transverse facial artery
branches of CN VII

31
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid

A 
O: manubrium and clavicle
I: Mastoid region of the skull
A: Bilateral = flex the neck
Unilateral = head tilts to ipsilateral side, face rotates to contralateral side
Innervation =  CN XI and C2-C3
32
Q

What are the three scalene muscles, what are their attachements, what is their action, and what is their innervation

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior scalene
They attach to the transverse processes of C2-C7 and to the first two ribs
They elevate the ribs or flex the neck
They are innervated by C4-C6

33
Q

What passes between the anterior and middle scalene

A

subclavian artery and brachial plexus

34
Q

What passes anterior to the anterior scalene

A

suclavian vein and the phrenic nerve

35
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric
stylohyoid
Myohyoid
Geniohyoid

36
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of Digastric

A 
O: Anterior belly = deep side of inferior border of mandible
Posterior belly = mastoid notch
I: hyoid bone
A: elevates hyoid during swallowing
innervation: Anterior belly = CN V3
Posterior Belly = CN VII
37
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of stylohyoid

A

O: Styloid process
I: hyoid bone
A: elevates hyoid during swallowing
Innervation: CN VII

38
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of mylohyoid

A

O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: Hyoid bone
A: tightens and elevates the oral floor, draws hyoid foreward during swallowing, moves mandible side to side
Innervation: CN V3

39
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of Geniohyoid

A

O: Inferior mental spine
I: hyoid bone
A: draws hyoid forward during swallowing
Innervation: C1 via XII

40
Q

What makes up the floor of the oral cavity

A

tongue
geniohyoid
mylohyiod

41
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

42
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of omohyoid

A

O - superior border of scapula
I - hyoid
A - depresses hyoid at the end of swallowing
Innervation - Ansa cervicalis

43
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of sternohyoid

A

O - Manubrium
I - hyoid
A - depresses hyoid at the end of swallowing
Innervation - ansa cervicalis

44
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of Thyrohyoid

A

O - manubrium
I - thyroid cartilage
A - depresses thyroid cartilage
Innervation - Ansa Cervicalis

45
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of Thyrohyoid

A

O - thyroid cartilage
I - hyoid
A - depresses hyoid at the end of swallowing
Innervation - C1 via XII

46
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Styloglossus

47
Q

What is the innervation for the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Palatoglossus is X

Hyoglossus, genioglossus, and styloglossus are XII

48
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of genioglossus

A

O - superior mental spine
I - body of tongue and hyoid
A - protracts tongue and depresses the center of the tongue
Innervation - XII

49
Q

What happens when one side of the genioglossus is paralyzed

A

the tongue moves to the injured side

50
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of Hyoglossus

A

O - greater horn of hyoid
I - lateral tongue
A - depress tongue
Innervation - XII

51
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of Palatoglossus

A

O - anterior surface of soft palate
I - Lateral tongue
A - elevate tongue, depress soft palate, moves palatoglossal fold toward the midline
Innervation - X

52
Q

What is the Origin, Insertion, Action, and innervation of Styloglossus

A

O - styloid process
I - lateral tongue
A - elevate and retract tongue
Innervation - XII

53
Q

What are the three pharynx constrictors and what nerve innervates them?

A

Superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor
all innervated by CN X

54
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx and what nerve innervates them?

A

palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
these two are innervated by CN X
stylopharyngeus
innervated by CN IX

55
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate, and what nerve innervates them?

A 
Levator veli palatini
musculus uvulae
palatopharyngeus
palatoglosssus
Above innervated by CN X
Tensor veli palatini is the only one innervated by CN V3
56
Q

What are the 4 suboccipital muscles

A

rectus capitis posterior minor
rectus capitits posterior major
obliquus capitis inferior
obliquus capitis superior

57
Q

What are the two posterior neck muscles

A

splenius capitis

splenius cervicis

58
Q

What are the three parts of erector spinae from deep to superficial

A

spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis

59
Q

What are the two deepest muscles of the vertebral column.

A

semispinalis (superior)

multifidus (inferior)

60
Q

What is the action of the muscles of the vertebral column and what is their innervation

A

Extend vertebral column

innervated by spinal nerves

61
Q

What are the muscles that flex the vertebral column

A

longus capitis
longus coli
quadratus lumborum

62
Q

What is the function of external and internal intercostals

A

external intercostals - elevate ribs

internal intercostals - depress ribs

63
Q

What are the deepest “intercostal/thoracic muscles”

A

innermost intercostals
transversus thoracis
subcostals

DMD 5221 (10 decks)

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