6 AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE Flashcards
▸ The architecture used by the first settlers in North America is traditionally known as _ _.
▸ Settlers from various European countries brought with them the building techniques and prevailing forms of their respective homelands.
▸ __ __ was subsequently adapted to the topography and climate of the chosen site, the availability of building materials, the dearth of trained builders and artisans, and the general poverty of the settlers.
COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
TRADITIONAL AMERICAN HOUSES
▸ Georgian
▸ Federal
‣ Greek Revival
‣ Cape Cod
▸ Garrison
‣ Salt Box
▸ Dutch Colonial
▸ Jeffersonian
▸ Named for King George ‣ Imported from England (originals of these houses only exist in the 13 colonies)
▸ Symmetrical structure (4x4)
▸ Hip or gable roof with dormer windows
▸ Widows walk
▸ Symmetrical windows with small panes of glass
▸ Dentil cornice & relieving arches
GEORGIAN style
▸ Popular just after Revolutionary War
► Pediment
▸ Fanlight & column surrounding door
► 2-3 stories high
▸ Rectangular
‣ Lower windows taller
than upper ones
FEDERAL style
▸ Reached height of popularity just before Civil War
▸ Pedimented portico
▸ Sidelights with
transom
▸ Symmetrical
GREEK REVIVAL
Colonial Style
Late 1690 to 1850
Gable roofs
* 1 level
Central chimney & door
2 windows on each side of the door
Clapboard siding
CAPE COD
► “Rediscovered” 1920-1950
► 11⁄2 stories
► Living space in attic
► Dormer windows
‣ Shutters
▸ Chimney relocated
▸ Wings to the side or on the rear
CAPE COD
‣ Common in English
medieval construction.
▸ Ornamental drops shaped like cannonballs under the jetty.
▸ They have an overhang ▸ Traditionally clapboard. ▸ Central chimney
GARRISON
▸ Roof is similar to Colonial salt container
▸ Originated in the Colonial era around New England ▸ Popular from 1920-1970 ▸ Had a long rear roof ▸ Central chimney
‣ Usually 2-3 stories high
▸ Has shutters
SALTBOX
► 1670-1760’s
‣ Broad Gambrel roof
▸ Flaring eaves
▸ End chimneys
► Double hung windows ▸ Dutch doors (double)
DUTCH COLONIAL
▸ Thomas Jefferson
► 1790’s-1830’s
▸ Neo-Classicism
and/or Neo-
Palladianism
Octagons
‣ Greek entrances
▸ Palladian windows
JEFFERSONIAN
_____ was an
American
statesman,
diplomat, lawyer, architect, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.
Thomas Jefferson
VICTORIAN HOUSES
‣ Queen Anne
‣ Second Empire
‣ Gothic (revival)
▸ Popular in small towns and cities
▸ Popular from 1880-1900
▸ Wrap around porches
► Often have towers
▸ Exterior is various
materials and has lots of
decorative trim
(gingerbread)
QUEEN ANNE
▸ Popular in the 19th
century in France
‣ Came
to
be
associated
with
Haunted Houses
▸ Mansard roof
▸ Windows hooded and may have corner quoins
SECOND EMPIRE / MANSARD STYLE
‣ Irregular shape & floor plans ▸ Steeply pitched roof
▸ Elaborate verge board trim ▸ High dormers
‣ Gothic arch windows
GOTHIC REVIVAL HOUSES
FAMILIAR AMERICAN HOUSES
Ranch
Split-Level
Farmhouse
Bungalow (Craftsman)
Prairie Style
Contemporary Rustic
▸ Originated in California in the 1930s
▸ Most common of American house styles
▸ Reached its popularity during Eisenhower’s presidency Long, low bank of windows
▸ There is an attached garage carport ‣ Back patio
RANCH
Innovative spin off of the Ranch style
* Exterior similar
to
Ranch for two-story wing Usually brick or brick
Style except
and
combination
wood
* Interior space is split into three levels
Lowest utility and den, Middle = kitchen & living room, Upstairs = bedroom
SPLIT LEVEL
two-story
▸ A
home with one
story front porch
‣ Gable roofs and
dormer windows
common
► Suburban
are
homes in the late 20th century
FARMHOUSE
▸ It started in California and spread across the country and became the most middle-class
design
house
▸ It started to 1910 to
the 1930s
▸ They have a fairly deep porch and wide
overhangs
BUNGALOW (craftsman)
▸ A product of the vision of Frank Lloyd Wright
Prairie buildings often include: ‣ Strong geometry and massing, including large central chimneys
Brick or stucco exteriors
▸ Open, asymmetric floor plans
Connected indoor and outdoor spaces Interior wood banding
Restrained use of applied ornamentation Exploration of motifs: one shape or plant form explored through furniture, wood carving, plaster, art glass and other elements within a building
PRAIRIE
▸ Expression of the 1960’s nature movement
‣ Started in California and spread across America in 1960s-1970s
▸ Rustic
and
contemporary design is a blend of modern contemporary features in a rustic, log cabin, older or farmhouse style home.
‣ Usage of raw wood and stone
CONTEMPORARY RUSTIC
EUROPEAN HOUSES
Baroque Revival
Chateauesque
Romanesque Revival
Mediterranean
Tudor Revival
▸ Architecture of the late Renaissance period
‣ Classic ornamentation
▸ Keystones or pediments over windows
‣ Balustrades on roof
‣ Balconies and patios
‣ Stucco and corner quions ▸ Hip roof flared at eaves
BAROQUE REVIVAL
▸ Popular at turn of the century among wealthy ▸ Always masonry
► Formal arch entryway ▸ Window surrounds or keystones
▸ Steeply pitched roof - usually hipped
▸ Demi-dormer (windows break through roof line)
► Towers with conical roof ► Paired windows
‣ Semicircular arches
▸ Transom bar
Chateauesque
- Constructed
of rough-
faced, square stones
Round towers with cone-
shaped roofs
⚫ Columns and
pilasters
with
spirals
and leaf
designs - Low,
broad “Roman”
arches over arcades and
doorways
⚫ Patterned masonry arches
over windows
ROMANESQUE (REVIVAL)
▸ Roots in California and Florida
▸ Popular 1920-1940
‣ Barrel tile roof
‣ Stucco exterior
▸ Wrought iron work
▸ Arcade
MEDITERRANEAN
▸ Roots in Old English style
▸ Revival began in 1970
▸ Half timbering
▸ Also uses stone and/or brick
▸ Windows are small
paned and usually diamond shape
TUDOR (REVIVAL)
