6 AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE

Question 1

▸ The architecture used by the first settlers in North America is traditionally known as _ _.
▸ Settlers from various European countries brought with them the building techniques and prevailing forms of their respective homelands.
▸ __ __ was subsequently adapted to the topography and climate of the chosen site, the availability of building materials, the dearth of trained builders and artisans, and the general poverty of the settlers.

Answer 1

COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

Question 2

TRADITIONAL AMERICAN HOUSES

Answer 2

▸ Georgian
▸ Federal
‣ Greek Revival
‣ Cape Cod
▸ Garrison
‣ Salt Box
▸ Dutch Colonial
▸ Jeffersonian

Question 3

▸ Named for King George ‣ Imported from England (originals of these houses only exist in the 13 colonies)
▸ Symmetrical structure (4x4)
▸ Hip or gable roof with dormer windows
▸ Widows walk
▸ Symmetrical windows with small panes of glass
▸ Dentil cornice & relieving arches

Answer 3

GEORGIAN style

Question 4

▸ Popular just after Revolutionary War
► Pediment
▸ Fanlight & column surrounding door
► 2-3 stories high
▸ Rectangular
‣ Lower windows taller
than upper ones

Answer 4

FEDERAL style

Question 5

▸ Reached height of popularity just before Civil War
▸ Pedimented portico
▸ Sidelights with
transom
▸ Symmetrical

Answer 5

GREEK REVIVAL

Question 6

Colonial Style
Late 1690 to 1850

Gable roofs
* 1 level
Central chimney & door
2 windows on each side of the door
Clapboard siding

Answer 6

CAPE COD

Question 7

► “Rediscovered” 1920-1950
► 11⁄2 stories
► Living space in attic
► Dormer windows
‣ Shutters
▸ Chimney relocated
▸ Wings to the side or on the rear

Answer 7

CAPE COD

Question 8

‣ Common in English
medieval construction.
▸ Ornamental drops shaped like cannonballs under the jetty.
▸ They have an overhang ▸ Traditionally clapboard. ▸ Central chimney

Answer 8

GARRISON

Question 9

▸ Roof is similar to Colonial salt container
▸ Originated in the Colonial era around New England ▸ Popular from 1920-1970 ▸ Had a long rear roof ▸ Central chimney
‣ Usually 2-3 stories high
▸ Has shutters

Answer 9

SALTBOX

Question 10

► 1670-1760’s
‣ Broad Gambrel roof
▸ Flaring eaves
▸ End chimneys
► Double hung windows ▸ Dutch doors (double)

Answer 10

DUTCH COLONIAL

Question 11

▸ Thomas Jefferson
► 1790’s-1830’s
▸ Neo-Classicism
and/or Neo-
Palladianism
Octagons
‣ Greek entrances
▸ Palladian windows

Answer 11

JEFFERSONIAN

Question 12

_____ was an
American
statesman,
diplomat, lawyer, architect, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

Answer 12

Thomas Jefferson

Question 12

VICTORIAN HOUSES

Answer 12

‣ Queen Anne
‣ Second Empire
‣ Gothic (revival)

Question 13

▸ Popular in small towns and cities
▸ Popular from 1880-1900
▸ Wrap around porches
► Often have towers
▸ Exterior is various
materials and has lots of
decorative trim
(gingerbread)

Answer 13

QUEEN ANNE

Question 14

▸ Popular in the 19th
century in France
‣ Came
to
be
associated
with
Haunted Houses
▸ Mansard roof
▸ Windows hooded and may have corner quoins

Answer 14

SECOND EMPIRE / MANSARD STYLE

Question 15

‣ Irregular shape & floor plans ▸ Steeply pitched roof
▸ Elaborate verge board trim ▸ High dormers
‣ Gothic arch windows

Answer 15

GOTHIC REVIVAL HOUSES

Question 16

FAMILIAR AMERICAN HOUSES

Answer 16

Ranch
Split-Level
Farmhouse
Bungalow (Craftsman)
Prairie Style
Contemporary Rustic

Question 17

▸ Originated in California in the 1930s
▸ Most common of American house styles
▸ Reached its popularity during Eisenhower’s presidency Long, low bank of windows
▸ There is an attached garage carport ‣ Back patio

Answer 17

RANCH

Question 18

Innovative spin off of the Ranch style
* Exterior similar
to
Ranch for two-story wing Usually brick or brick
Style except
and
combination
wood
* Interior space is split into three levels
Lowest utility and den, Middle = kitchen & living room, Upstairs = bedroom

Answer 18

SPLIT LEVEL

Question 19

two-story
▸ A
home with one
story front porch
‣ Gable roofs and
dormer windows
common
► Suburban
are
homes in the late 20th century

Answer 19

FARMHOUSE

Question 20

▸ It started in California and spread across the country and became the most middle-class
design
house
▸ It started to 1910 to
the 1930s
▸ They have a fairly deep porch and wide
overhangs

Answer 20

BUNGALOW (craftsman)

Question 21

▸ A product of the vision of Frank Lloyd Wright
Prairie buildings often include: ‣ Strong geometry and massing, including large central chimneys
Brick or stucco exteriors
▸ Open, asymmetric floor plans
Connected indoor and outdoor spaces Interior wood banding
Restrained use of applied ornamentation Exploration of motifs: one shape or plant form explored through furniture, wood carving, plaster, art glass and other elements within a building

Answer 21

PRAIRIE

Question 22

▸ Expression of the 1960’s nature movement
‣ Started in California and spread across America in 1960s-1970s
▸ Rustic
and
contemporary design is a blend of modern contemporary features in a rustic, log cabin, older or farmhouse style home.
‣ Usage of raw wood and stone

Answer 22

CONTEMPORARY RUSTIC

Question 23

EUROPEAN HOUSES

Answer 23

Baroque Revival
Chateauesque
Romanesque Revival
Mediterranean
Tudor Revival

Question 24

▸ Architecture of the late Renaissance period
‣ Classic ornamentation
▸ Keystones or pediments over windows
‣ Balustrades on roof
‣ Balconies and patios
‣ Stucco and corner quions ▸ Hip roof flared at eaves

Answer 24

BAROQUE REVIVAL

Question 25

▸ Popular at turn of the century among wealthy ▸ Always masonry
► Formal arch entryway ▸ Window surrounds or keystones
▸ Steeply pitched roof - usually hipped
▸ Demi-dormer (windows break through roof line)
► Towers with conical roof ► Paired windows
‣ Semicircular arches
▸ Transom bar

Answer 25

Chateauesque

Question 27

• Constructed
  of rough-
  faced, square stones
  Round towers with cone-
  shaped roofs
  ⚫ Columns and
  pilasters
  with
  spirals
  and leaf
  designs
• Low,
  broad “Roman”
  arches over arcades and
  doorways
  ⚫ Patterned masonry arches
  over windows

Answer 27

ROMANESQUE (REVIVAL)

Question 28

▸ Roots in California and Florida
▸ Popular 1920-1940
‣ Barrel tile roof
‣ Stucco exterior
▸ Wrought iron work
▸ Arcade

Answer 28

MEDITERRANEAN

Question 29

▸ Roots in Old English style
▸ Revival began in 1970
▸ Half timbering
▸ Also uses stone and/or brick
▸ Windows are small
paned and usually diamond shape

Answer 29

TUDOR (REVIVAL)