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History - Chairman Mao > 6 - Aftermath of the Great Leap Forward > Flashcards

6 - Aftermath of the Great Leap Forward Flashcards

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0
Q

What percentage of Xizang (Tibet) was wiped out during the famine?

A

20%

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1
Q

How many people died as a result of the GLF?

A

Official estimate - 20 million

Chang and Halliday - 38 million

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2
Q

How much did the death rate increase by in Beijing - the best supplied city?

A

250%

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3
Q

Where did the PLA have to be deployed to deal with rebellion amongst the peasants?

A

Western provinces such as Sichuan and Xizang

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4
Q

Why were labour camps expanded?

A

To accommodate peasants found hiding food destined for requisition or trying to cultivate food for themselves

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5
Q

How much wheat was imported in 1961 and where from?

A

6 million tonnes; mainly from Canada and Australia, also indirectly from USA

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6
Q

When was the building of Tiananmen Square completed?

A

August 1959

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7
Q

When did China make it’s first atomic bomb?

A

1964

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8
Q

When did Mao step down as Chairman?

A

December 1958

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9
Q

Who replaced Mao as head of state?

A

Liu Shaoqi

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10
Q

When did Peng Dehuai visit his hometown?

A

1959 (Niaoshi in Henan)

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11
Q

When did Peng try to voice his concerns about the GLF to Mao?

A

Central Committee at Lashun in July 1959

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12
Q

How did Peng voice his concern?

A

In a ‘letter of opinion’

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13
Q

What was Mao’s response to the letter?

A

Angry, published it and used it as an opportunity to destroy Peng’s career

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14
Q

What did Mao say about Peng?

A

Charged him with having deviated from the general line, denounced him as a ‘rightist’

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15
Q

What did the Politburo find Peng guilty of?

A

‘Objectively aiding China’s enemies’ and leading a ‘right-opportunist anti-Party clique’

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16
Q

What happened to Peng after the Politburo found him guilty?

A

Dismissed as Defence Minister and placed under virtual house arrest. Kept place in Politburo but never attended another meeting

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17
Q

Who replaced Peng?

A

Lin Biao

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18
Q

When was the Second Great Leap Forward launched?

A

1959-60

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19
Q

How many people were subject to struggle meetings as Mao attempted to remove ‘rightists’?

A

6 million

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20
Q

What percentage of basic level cadres in Sichuan were dismissed from the party?

A

80%

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21
Q

When were communal canteens abandoned?

A

April 1961

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22
Q

What changes came in July 1961?

A

Peasants allowed to cultivate their own land, incentives introduced to work harder, rural fairs and markets were again allowed, communes broken down based on single villages

23
Q

How many people that had drifted to the cities were returned home to their villages by 1962?

A

25 million

24
Q

How many inefficient businesses that were set up under Mao were closed down?

A

25,000

25
Q

What did Chen Yi say about intellectuals?

A

‘China needs intellectuals… Those who have been treated unfairly should be returned to the position they deserve’

26
Q

When did Chen Yun learn about peasant grievances?

A

In 1961 on a visit to a Shanghai commune

27
Q

Who was responsible for drawing up the Third Five Year Plan?

A

Chen Yun

28
Q

When was the Third Five Year Plan launched?

A

1962

29
Q

What changes had been made to fix the GLF failings?

A

Central bureaucracy replaced decentralisation, experts were again valued, production targets were reviewed annually and made more flexible, financial incentives reintroduced

30
Q

When was the level of agricultural production back up to that of 1957?

A

1965

31
Q

How much did output of light and heavy industry increase by?

A

Light - up 27%

Heavy - up 17%

32
Q

How much did oil production grow by?

A

1,000%

33
Q

How much did natural gas production grow by?

A

4,000%

34
Q

When was the 7,000 cadre conference?

A

January 1962

35
Q

What happened at the 7,000 cadre conference?

A

Liu Shaoqi blamed the ‘party centre’, which included Mao, for the failings of the GLF

36
Q

Why did Mao withdraw from public life?

A

His infallibility was challenged due to his self criticisms

37
Q

Who was left in charge after Mao withdrew from public life?

A

Liu, Deng (CPC General Secretary), Enlai (Prime Minister.

38
Q

What did Deng say in June 1962?

A

‘It doesn’t matter if the cat is black or white; if the cat catches the mouse, it is a good cat’

39
Q

What did Liu, Deng and Chen Yun prioritise?

A

Getting the country back on it’s feet - even if there was some ideological compromise. Also wanted to ally with USA and USSR

40
Q

What did Mao say when he returned at the annual summer conference in 1962?

A

‘Are we going to take the socialist road or the capitalist road?’

41
Q

What slogan did Mao use to rally against Liu and Deng?

A

‘Oppose revisionism (abroad), prevent revisionism (at home)’

42
Q

When was the Socialist Education Movement launched?

A

1964

43
Q

What did the a Socialist Education Movement promote?

A

Collective economy and superiority of Socialism

44
Q

Who was sent out to rural areas to investigate rural leadership and why?

A

10,000 cadres in order to root out corruption and economic crimes

45
Q

Why was Mao opposed to Liu being his chosen successor by 1962?

A

His critical speech at 7,000 cadre conference and his pragmaticism

46
Q

What did Mao say about Liu and Deng?

A

Liu ‘taking the socialist road’ and being a non-Marxist. Deng ‘running an independent kingdom’

47
Q

Who published the Little Red Book?

A

Lin Biao, given to Red Army

48
Q

What Maoist ideas did the Little Red Book focus on?

A

Self-sacrifice, self-reliance and continuing the revolution

49
Q

When did Lin Biao abolish ranks in the PLA and why?

A

1965 made it seem like an advanced egalitarian organisation - a model for China to follow

50
Q

Where did Biao extend the PLA’s influence to in 1965?

A

Schools, factories and cultural life

51
Q

Where were Quing’s allies based?

A

Shanghai

52
Q

Why were Qing’s allies useful to Mao?

A

They were more radical

53
Q

When did Mao move to Shanghai?

A

November 1965

54
Q

What were the positions of Chen Boda and Kang Sheng?

A

Boda: Mao’s secretary
Sheng: Leading Party ideologist

55
Q

Who was Lei Feng and how was he used?

A

A soldier who died in an accident. An example of how doing everyday things with duty and commitment made you a hero

History - Chairman Mao (9 decks)

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