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History - Chairman Mao > 1 - Civil War > Flashcards

1 - Civil War Flashcards

(63 cards)

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0
Q

How many people were under Communist control?

A

90 million

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1
Q

How many troops did the Communists have at the start?

A

320,000

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2
Q

What changes did Mao bring in?

A

Land reform, new government, educational health committees

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3
Q

How many troops did the nationalists have at the start of the war?

A

2.8 million

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4
Q

What were GMD problems?

A

Chiang a weak leader, poor tactics, poorly disciplined troops, desertion, factions, alliance with USA made them look weak

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5
Q

How many rules for discipline and points for attention did Mao have since 1928?

A

3 rules for discipline, 8 points for attention

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6
Q

How many landlords are expected to have been attacked during the reign of terror and land reforms?

A

16 million

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7
Q

How many troops did the Communists have by 1948?

A

1.56 million

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8
Q

What mistakes did Chiang make in Manchuria?

A

Sent troops before North had been secured, not enough men, not enough supplies

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9
Q

Where did the Communists gain experience of managing a city?

A

Harbin

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10
Q

How much had prices risen by 1946?

A

1000%

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11
Q

When did Chiang attempt to resolve economic issues?

A

Summer 1948

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12
Q

What change came into place to do with currency?

A

Gold Yuan rationing

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13
Q

How much aid did the USA provide?

A

3billion

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14
Q

How many military training camps did the USSR make to aid Communists?

A

16

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15
Q

How long did the ceasefire last?

A

4 months, initially meant to ask 2 weeks

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16
Q

Where was the Communist base area?

A

Yanan

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17
Q

When did the Civil War begin?

A

1946

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18
Q

When did the Red Army move into Manchuria?

A

8th August 1945

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19
Q

When did Marshall agree a ceasefire?

A

Jan 1946

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20
Q

Why did the ceasefire fail and when did Marshall go home?

A

GMD tried to alter terms of contract to be autocratic rulers, other parties withdrew support - Marshall home in Jan 1947

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21
Q

Where was the ‘corridor’ the GMD occupied?

A

Manchuria - from Jinzhou to Changchun

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22
Q

Why did the communists lose Yan’an early in the Civil War?

A

Because Lin Biao had already moved the Eighth Route Army northwards towards Manchuria

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23
Q

How many troops did Chiang commit to capturing Manchuria?

A

500,000

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24
When did the Communists have a strong enough hold of Manchuria to go on the offensive?
Spring 1947
25
When did the communists first use conventional warfare and what happened?
May 1947 - inefficient without airforce. However still inflicted serious damage on GMD
26
When did the PLA finally turn to conventional warfare successfully?
1948
27
When was Luoyang, along the Yellow River captured?
April 1948
28
When was Kaifeng captured?
June 1948
29
When was Jinan captured?
September 1948
30
When was the railway junction at Jinzhou captured?
15 October 1947
31
When were Changchun and Shenyang captured?
C- October | S- 2nd November
32
What were impacts for GMD of losing the battle over Manchuria?
400,000 troops lost, damage to moral incalculable
33
What were the two offensives launched after victory in Manchuria?
Against Beijing and against Xuzhou
34
How long did the battle at Xuzhou last?
65 days
35
How many troops were committed to each side at Xuzhou?
600,000
36
What happened in the offence against Beijing?
PLA moved to Tianjin to the south of Beijing, cutting it off in Jan 1949. Beijing was captured on 31 Jan 1949 with little resistance
37
What happened in spring 1949?
Lull in fighting. PLA rested troops while consolidating power in north. Communist led government set up in northern China
38
When was Nanjing captured?
23 April 1949
39
When was Shanghai captured?
Late May
40
Where did Dehuai's forces attack in May and what was the result?
Xi'an and Lanzhou, both captured in August 1949
41
Where did Lin Biao's forces attack and what was the result?
Guangzhou, captured October and Guingzhou and Chonqing, captured in November
42
How many artillery pieces did the GMD have in 1945?
6,000
43
How many artillery pieces did the Communists have in 1945?
600
44
What did Stilwell call Chiang?
"A grasping, bigoted, ungrateful little rattlesnake"
45
What were military strengths and weaknesses of the GMD?
Strengths: larger, better equipped army Weaknesses: poorly trained, lacked moral and discipline
46
What were territorial strengths and weaknesses of the GMD?
Strengths: controlled the majority of land, most of the main cities, the rail and water ways Weaknesses: Warlords wanted to reclaim their regions
47
What were strengths and weaknesses in foreign support of GMD?
Strengths: Americans supplied arms and offered transport Weaknesses: people thought foreign aids went against nationalism
48
What were strengths and weaknesses of GMD popular support?
Strengths: Nationalism, democracy and livelihoods were liked Weaknesses: failed to deliver promises, assassinations, torture and executions
49
What did Mao say about the PLA and the people?
'The army and the people are one'
50
When was land reform introduced in Yan'an?
1930s
51
What happened to land reforms in 1945?
Became more cautious, taxes introduced
52
When did land reforms return?
1946
53
Why did Mao have to limit land reform?
As rallies became violent
54
How many troops and artillery pieces did the CPC have in June 1948?
1.5million troops and 22.8k artillery peices
55
How many troops and artillery pieces did the GMD have in June 1948?
2.2million troops and 21,000 artillery pieces
56
When and where did Mao establish himself as undisputed CPC leader?
Yan'an in 1945
57
How did foreign support aid Mao?
Red Army in Manchuria from Aug 1945 to May 1946, trained PLA in USSR or in 16 new bases, America helped indirectly through organising ceasefire
58
What were military reasons for GMD loss?
Troops lacked morale and discipline, poorly trained, conscripted, no incentives, known for brutality
59
What were political reasons for GMD loss?
Officials abused power, bribery and extortion. Tax never reached government, led to debt
60
What were economic reasons for GMD loss?
May 1946 inflation 1000%, 1949 inflation 10000%, demand for higher wages drove prices up, GMD economy collapsed in 1948
61
Why did GMD fail due to leadership?
Chiang tried to control everyone, even though his decisions were impractical and contradictory
62
What mistake did Mao make in November 1945?
Overruled Liu Shaoqi and ordered PLA to defend pass between China and Manchuria - which they hadn't been trained for. Ended up overran by GMD forces and reverted to Shaoqi's original plan

History - Chairman Mao (9 decks)

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