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History - Chairman Mao > 2 & 3 - The Party & Reforming China > Flashcards

2 & 3 - The Party & Reforming China Flashcards

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0
Q

What were the key concepts of Mao Thought?

A

Self reliance, incessant hard work, continue the revolution, class struggle, mass mobilisation

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1
Q

How many Bolsheviks made up the orthodox group?

A

28

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2
Q

How many parties allowed in China initially?

A

14

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3
Q

Who was State Premier?

A

Zhou Enlai

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4
Q

Where did new democratic ideas come from?

A

Yanan

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5
Q

What was party membership in 1949?

A

4.5mil

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6
Q

What was a danwei?

A

A work group

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7
Q

What was the iron rice bowl?

A

People who worked for the government and military were given jobs for life

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8
Q

How many members did the PLA have in 1953?

A

3.5mil

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9
Q

What does Lao Gai mean?

A

Reform through labour

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10
Q

What is Chang and Halliday’s estimate for death toll in labour camps?

A

27million

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11
Q

When were residency permits given out?

A

Summer 1951

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12
Q

By when were prostitution and drug dealing practically wiped out?

A

1953

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13
Q

What was the focus of the October 1950 campaign?

A

Suppression of counter revolutionaries

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14
Q

When did the 3 Antis Start?

A

1951 in Manchuria

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15
Q

What did the Three Antis target?

A

Corruption, waste and obstructionist bureaucracy

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16
Q

When were the 5 Antis Launched?

A

Jan 1952

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17
Q

When were Gao Gang and Rao Shushi purged?

A

1953

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18
Q

What was party membership by December 1950?

A

5.8million

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19
Q

What happened to foreigners by 1950?

A

Left or thrown out, apart from Soviets. China closed to Western influence

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20
Q

What was the Suppression of Counter-revolutionaries Campaign?

A

Campaign launched in Oct 1950, lasted over a year. Targeted anyone with GMD links, ‘bandits’ and members of religious sects.

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21
Q

How many people did the authorities claim to have evidence against in major cities?

A

40k; in Guandong 52k ‘bandits’ and 89k other criminals were caught, with 28k executed.

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22
Q

When/where was the Three Antis Campaign launched?

A

Manchuria (initially) in late 1951

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23
Q

Who did the Three Antis target and what for?

A

Managers, state officials and party members. For corruption, waste and obstructionist bureaucracy

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24
Q

When was the Five Antis Campaign launched?

A

Jan 1952

25
Q

Who did the Five Antis Campaign target and why?

A

Bourgeoisie; bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, economic espionage and cheating government contracts

26
Q

How many mass meetings were there in Shanghai in Feb 1952/

A

3,000

27
Q

What was the result for those found guilty during the Five Antis?

A

Enormous fines, property confiscation and being sent to labour camps

28
Q

How many people are estimated to have taken their own lives due to the Anti campaigns?

A

2-3 million

29
Q

Who was responsible for directing the First Five Year Plan?

A

Gao Gang

30
Q

Believing that he had Mao’s backing, who’s position did Gang attempt to take?

A

Zhou Enlai

31
Q

What did Deng Xiaoping say about Rao Shushi and Gao Gang at the Politburo meeting in December 1953?

A

Accused them of attempting to build independent kingdoms in their regions and of ‘underground activities’

32
Q

What happened to Rao and Gao after the December 1953 Politburo meeting?

A

Gao committed suicide in early 1954, Rao died in prison around 20 years later

33
Q

What percentage of the Chinese population were peasants in 1950?

A

90%

34
Q

How many landlords are estimated to have died during the land reforms of the 1950s?

A

700,000 (official) - 3million (Chiang and Halliday)

35
Q

How many cadres were sent to ‘key point’ villages?

A

30-40 - working with local peasants’ associations

36
Q

What were mutual aid teams?

A

Groupings of around 10 families that shared labour and equipment

37
Q

What percentage of people in 1922 in universities were women?

A

2.5%

38
Q

What did the Communists outlaw in the 1930s in Jiangxi? (women)

A

Arranged marriage and the purchase of wives. Divorce was made easier and women given the right to vote

39
Q

When was the New Marriage Law passed?

A

1950

40
Q

What did the New Marriage Law do?

A

Outlawed arranged marriages and the payment of dowries. Banned concubinage and gave divorced/unmarried/widowed women the right to vote

41
Q

How many schools were ran by British or American organisations and Christian foundations?

A

31 Britain/USA

32 Christian

42
Q

What percentage of children attended primary school prior to communist takeover?

A

20% (pre 1949)

43
Q

Why did Mao oppose Western intervention in Chinese schools?

A

Said it was cultural imperialism

44
Q

What percentage of children ages 7-16 were in education in 1956 and how did this change in the next 20 years?

A

Less than 50%, went up to 96%

45
Q

In 1952, what percentage of the budget was made up by state education and culture?

A

6.4%

46
Q

How were universities reformed?

A

Focused on technical and scientific subjects. Many were sent to study in the USSR

47
Q

How was perspective on healthcare changed?

A

Changed from curative to preventative

48
Q

What was the Patriotic Health Act designed to do?

A

Improve sanitation and hygiene in order to reduce diseases such as cholera, typhoid and scarlet fever

49
Q

What was schistomiasis?

A

A disease that caused internal bleeding, liver damage and bloated abdomen which was caused by a microscopic worm carried by snails

50
Q

What sort of healthcare system was adopted in rural areas?

A

Three tier

51
Q

How was healthcare dealt with in villages?

A

Village health centres provided paramedics. Out-patient and in-patient healthcare was provided for less serious cases. The most seriously ill were taken to county hospitals with fully trained doctors

52
Q

What percentage of the 1952 budget did healthcare make up?

A

1.3%

53
Q

What were dan weis?

A

Work units that controlled allocation of housing, grain and cloth, issued permits

54
Q

How many conscripts did the CPC get every year by 1950?

A

800,000

55
Q

What percentage of the budget did the PLA make up in 1950?

A

41%

56
Q

How many members did the PLA have in 1950?

A

5,000,000

57
Q

What were Mao’s revolutionary values?

A

Discipline, self sacrifice, endurance and perseverance

58
Q

What were demilitarised PLA units used in?

A

Mass mobilisation, solely for constuction

59
Q

What was Resist America and Aid Korea?

A

Involvement in Korean War in October 1950, suspicion of westerners - who had all been driven out by the end of 1950, institutions with Western links were under suspicion, confiscation of items such as radios and weapons

60
Q

What percentage of the CPC did Mao say should be women?

A

25%

61
Q

What were Mao’s mass political campaigns?

A

Resist America and Aid Korea, Suppression of counter revolutionaries, Three Antis, Five Antis

History - Chairman Mao (9 decks)

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