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History - Chairman Mao > 2 & 3 - The Party & Reforming China > Flashcards

2 & 3 - The Party & Reforming China Flashcards

0
Q

What were the key concepts of Mao Thought?

A

Self reliance, incessant hard work, continue the revolution, class struggle, mass mobilisation

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1
Q

How many Bolsheviks made up the orthodox group?

A

28

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2
Q

How many parties allowed in China initially?

A

14

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3
Q

Who was State Premier?

A

Zhou Enlai

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4
Q

Where did new democratic ideas come from?

A

Yanan

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5
Q

What was party membership in 1949?

A

4.5mil

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6
Q

What was a danwei?

A

A work group

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7
Q

What was the iron rice bowl?

A

People who worked for the government and military were given jobs for life

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8
Q

How many members did the PLA have in 1953?

A

3.5mil

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9
Q

What does Lao Gai mean?

A

Reform through labour

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10
Q

What is Chang and Halliday’s estimate for death toll in labour camps?

A

27million

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11
Q

When were residency permits given out?

A

Summer 1951

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12
Q

By when were prostitution and drug dealing practically wiped out?

A

1953

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13
Q

What was the focus of the October 1950 campaign?

A

Suppression of counter revolutionaries

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14
Q

When did the 3 Antis Start?

A

1951 in Manchuria

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15
Q

What did the Three Antis target?

A

Corruption, waste and obstructionist bureaucracy

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16
Q

When were the 5 Antis Launched?

A

Jan 1952

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17
Q

When were Gao Gang and Rao Shushi purged?

A

1953

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18
Q

What was party membership by December 1950?

A

5.8million

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19
Q

What happened to foreigners by 1950?

A

Left or thrown out, apart from Soviets. China closed to Western influence

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20
Q

What was the Suppression of Counter-revolutionaries Campaign?

A

Campaign launched in Oct 1950, lasted over a year. Targeted anyone with GMD links, ‘bandits’ and members of religious sects.

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21
Q

How many people did the authorities claim to have evidence against in major cities?

A

40k; in Guandong 52k ‘bandits’ and 89k other criminals were caught, with 28k executed.

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22
Q

When/where was the Three Antis Campaign launched?

A

Manchuria (initially) in late 1951

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23
Q

Who did the Three Antis target and what for?

A

Managers, state officials and party members. For corruption, waste and obstructionist bureaucracy

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24
When was the Five Antis Campaign launched?
Jan 1952
25
Who did the Five Antis Campaign target and why?
Bourgeoisie; bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, economic espionage and cheating government contracts
26
How many mass meetings were there in Shanghai in Feb 1952/
3,000
27
What was the result for those found guilty during the Five Antis?
Enormous fines, property confiscation and being sent to labour camps
28
How many people are estimated to have taken their own lives due to the Anti campaigns?
2-3 million
29
Who was responsible for directing the First Five Year Plan?
Gao Gang
30
Believing that he had Mao's backing, who's position did Gang attempt to take?
Zhou Enlai
31
What did Deng Xiaoping say about Rao Shushi and Gao Gang at the Politburo meeting in December 1953?
Accused them of attempting to build independent kingdoms in their regions and of 'underground activities'
32
What happened to Rao and Gao after the December 1953 Politburo meeting?
Gao committed suicide in early 1954, Rao died in prison around 20 years later
33
What percentage of the Chinese population were peasants in 1950?
90%
34
How many landlords are estimated to have died during the land reforms of the 1950s?
700,000 (official) - 3million (Chiang and Halliday)
35
How many cadres were sent to 'key point' villages?
30-40 - working with local peasants' associations
36
What were mutual aid teams?
Groupings of around 10 families that shared labour and equipment
37
What percentage of people in 1922 in universities were women?
2.5%
38
What did the Communists outlaw in the 1930s in Jiangxi? (women)
Arranged marriage and the purchase of wives. Divorce was made easier and women given the right to vote
39
When was the New Marriage Law passed?
1950
40
What did the New Marriage Law do?
Outlawed arranged marriages and the payment of dowries. Banned concubinage and gave divorced/unmarried/widowed women the right to vote
41
How many schools were ran by British or American organisations and Christian foundations?
31 Britain/USA | 32 Christian
42
What percentage of children attended primary school prior to communist takeover?
20% (pre 1949)
43
Why did Mao oppose Western intervention in Chinese schools?
Said it was cultural imperialism
44
What percentage of children ages 7-16 were in education in 1956 and how did this change in the next 20 years?
Less than 50%, went up to 96%
45
In 1952, what percentage of the budget was made up by state education and culture?
6.4%
46
How were universities reformed?
Focused on technical and scientific subjects. Many were sent to study in the USSR
47
How was perspective on healthcare changed?
Changed from curative to preventative
48
What was the Patriotic Health Act designed to do?
Improve sanitation and hygiene in order to reduce diseases such as cholera, typhoid and scarlet fever
49
What was schistomiasis?
A disease that caused internal bleeding, liver damage and bloated abdomen which was caused by a microscopic worm carried by snails
50
What sort of healthcare system was adopted in rural areas?
Three tier
51
How was healthcare dealt with in villages?
Village health centres provided paramedics. Out-patient and in-patient healthcare was provided for less serious cases. The most seriously ill were taken to county hospitals with fully trained doctors
52
What percentage of the 1952 budget did healthcare make up?
1.3%
53
What were dan weis?
Work units that controlled allocation of housing, grain and cloth, issued permits
54
How many conscripts did the CPC get every year by 1950?
800,000
55
What percentage of the budget did the PLA make up in 1950?
41%
56
How many members did the PLA have in 1950?
5,000,000
57
What were Mao's revolutionary values?
Discipline, self sacrifice, endurance and perseverance
58
What were demilitarised PLA units used in?
Mass mobilisation, solely for constuction
59
What was Resist America and Aid Korea?
Involvement in Korean War in October 1950, suspicion of westerners - who had all been driven out by the end of 1950, institutions with Western links were under suspicion, confiscation of items such as radios and weapons
60
What percentage of the CPC did Mao say should be women?
25%
61
What were Mao's mass political campaigns?
Resist America and Aid Korea, Suppression of counter revolutionaries, Three Antis, Five Antis

History - Chairman Mao (9 decks)

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