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Chemistry MYP > 6. Acids and Bases > Flashcards

6. Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of oxides

A

Basic Oxide
Neutral Oxide
Acidic Oxide
Amphoteric Oxide

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2
Q

List 7 properties of Acids

A
  1. Tastes sour
  2. Turns blue litmus paper to red litmus paper
  3. Reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas
  4. Forms H+ Ions
  5. pH less than 7
  6. Neutralises bases
  7. Good conductors of electricity
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3
Q

List 5 properties of Bases

A
  1. Slippery, bitter
  2. Turns red litmus paper blue
  3. Usually forms OH- Ions
  4. Neutralises acids
  5. pH is greater than 7
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4
Q

How do acids react with metals?

A

acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

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5
Q

Hydrochloric acid + base

A

Salts are chloride

For example:

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium chloride + Water
HCl+NaOH → NaCl+H₂O HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H₂O

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6
Q

Nitric acid + Base

A

Nitrates are formed
Example?

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7
Q

Sulphuric acid + Base

A

Sulphates are formed
Example?

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8
Q

How do acids react with bases? What products do they form?

A

Neutralise the base.
acid+base—> salt+water

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9
Q

How do acids react with metal carbonates?

A

Acid + metal carbonate –> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

How to test for Hydrogen gas?

A

When a lighted splint is inserted, a pop sound is heard

2H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2H2O(l)

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11
Q

How to test for Carbon Dioxide gas?

A

When bubbled through limewater, the limewater turns cloudy

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12
Q

Lime water

A

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2

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13
Q

What is the product of lime water+ CO2

A

CaCO3, it is insoluble in water and thus becomes milky

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14
Q

Element reacting with Oxygen form?

A

Oxides

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15
Q

How to test for Ammonia?

A

Damp red litmus paper turns blue as ammonia is a weak base.

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16
Q

How to test for Oxygen?

A

Relights a glowing splint

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17
Q

How to test for Chlorine?

A

Bleaches damp blue litmus paper

Why??

18
Q

Give 2 examples of strong acids

A

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

19
Q

2 examples of weak acids

A

Citric acid
Carbonic acid
Ethanolic acid (CH3COOH)

20
Q

2 examples of strong bases

A

NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)

21
Q

Give 2 examples of weak bases

A

NH3 (Ammonia- cleaning product)
CH3NH2 (Methylamine- used in pesticides)

22
Q

Basic Oxide

A

Form basic metal oxides which are generally ionic in bonding.
They react with acids to form salts

23
Q

Neutral Oxide

A

Non-metallic oxides, no effect on litmus, do not reacted with alkalis or acids

23
Q

Alkali

A

A base that dissolves in water

24
Q

Acidic Oxide

A

In general non metals react with oxygen to make acidic oxides
* E.g. carbon burns in oxygen to make carbon dioxide
* Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to make carbonic acid

25
Q

Example of Basic Oxide

A

Calcium Oxide (CaO)

25
Q

Example of Neutral Oxide

A

Carbon monoxide (CO)
Nitric Oxide (NO)

26
Q

Amphoteric Oxide

A

Metallic Oxides which react with acids and alkalis

27
Q

Example of Amphoteric Oxide with reasoning

A

Aluminum Oxide as it dissolves in water to form ‘normal’ aluminum salts but it also dissolves in strong alkali like sodium hydroxide solution to form ‘aluminate’ salts

28
Q

Amphoteric substance

A

A substance that can act as both an acid and a base

29
Q

Example of an amphoteric substance

A

Water (H2O)

30
Q

Universal Indicator

A

More specific pH value (universal indicator colour chart)
Acid = Red
Neutral = Green
Base = Purple

30
Q

Litmus Indicator

A

Acid = Red
Alkali = Blue

31
Q

Phenolphthalein Indicator

A

Acid= Colourless
Neutral= Light Pink
Base= Dark pink

Used in strong base-weak acid titrations

32
Q

Methyl Orange Indicator

A

Acid= Red
Neutral= Yellow orange
Base= Yellow

Used in weak base-strong acid titrations

33
Q

Apparatus for titration

A

Burette and Pipette and Conical flask

34
Q

Soluble Salts making

A

acid+base
acid+metal
acid+metal carbonate

35
Q

What is an Acid?

A

A compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ion (H +) in aqueous solution

36
Q

What is a Base?

A

A compound that increases concentration of hydroxide ions (OH -) in a water-based solution

37
Q

Acidic Oxide example

A

SO2 (Sulphur Dioxide)

Chemistry MYP (6 decks)

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