2. Inside the Atom: Structure, Valency, and Bonds

Question 1

Two types of compounds

Answer 1

ionic and covalent (molecular)

Question 2

What is metal+non metal bonding?

Answer 2

Ionic bonding

Metals loose electrons and non metals gain electrons

Question 3

List 5 properties of Ionic compounds

Answer 3

1. High m.p. and b.p.
2. Brittle
3. Soluble in water
4. Good conductors of electricity (only in water form)
5. Can conduct heat (in solid and water form)

Question 4

What is molecular/ covalent bonding?

Answer 4

Between 2 nonmetals

Share electrons

Question 5

What is polar- covalent bonding?

Answer 5

Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 6

List 4 properties of (covalent) molecular bonding

Answer 6

1. Bad conductor of electricity
2. Low m.p. and b.p.
3. Do not dissolve in water
4. Dissolve in organic solvent (ethanol)

Question 7

What are isotopes?

Answer 7

Same number of protons different number of neutrons

Question 8

How many protons in an element?

Answer 8

Equal to Atomic Number

Question 9

How many neutrons?

Answer 9

Atomic mass- Atomic Number

Question 10

What is Metallic Bonding

Answer 10

Bonding in metals.

Metals loose electrons to form a giant sea of electrons around them. These electrons are tightly packed in the lattice

Question 11

What are the electrons which are lost from metals known as?

Answer 11

Delocalised Electrons

Question 12

5 properties of Metals

Answer 12

1) Malleable
2) Ductile
3) Good conductor of heat and electricity
4) Lustrous
5 High m.p. and b.p.

Question 13

What is an addition of 2 or more metals known as?
How is the strength compared to regular metals?

Answer 13

Alloy
Since atoms added are larger, alloys are stronger than metals, they are also less malleable and ductile.

Question 14

Can silicon form double bonds? Why?

Answer 14

It cannot because it is a larger atom compared to Carbon. Carbon can form double bonds.

Question 15

Give 3 examples of covalent molecular structures

Answer 15

CO2, H2O, Br2, S8

Question 15

What are covalent molecular structures?

Answer 15

Small molecules, strong covalent bonds within molecules, weak between molecules.

Question 16

What is a covalent network?

Answer 16

Giant repeating lattices of lot of covalently bonded atoms

Question 17

What is the term for different forms of the same element?

Answer 17

Allotropes

Question 17

3 properties of allotropes

Answer 17

1. Brittle
2. High m.p.
3. Non- conductor (except graphite)

Question 18

Two examples of Allotropes of Carbon

Answer 18

Diamond and Graphite

Question 19

How many free electrons does carbon have?

Answer 19

ZERO

Question 19

How many free electrons does graphite have?

Answer 19

ONE

Question 20

Collision theory

Answer 20

More frequent reactions, increase particle speed, more particles present- more successful collisions

Question 21

To calculate rate of reaction

Answer 21

Amount of mass lost/ time or amount of product formed/time

Question 22

5 factors affecting rate of reaction

Answer 22

1. Temperature
2. Pressure
3. Concentration of solution
4. Surface Area of solids
   5.Catalyst