6-3 KINGDOM 2 PROTISTS/6-4 KINGDOM 3- FUNGUS

Question 1

What distinguishes protists as the first eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Protists were the first eukaryotes, meaning they were the first organisms to have a nucleus.

Question 2

What are the significant structural features of protists?

Answer 2

Protists were the first organisms to have organelles.

Question 3

Describe the cellular nature of protists.

Answer 3

Protists can be unicellular and were also the first multicellular organisms.

Question 4

What are the three primary methods of movement in protists?

Answer 4

FLAGELLA CILIA PSEUDOPOD

Question 5

a) Flagella: What is its function?

Answer 5

Flagella are whip-like structures used for movement.

Question 6

b) Cilia: What is its function?

Answer 6

Cilia are small hair-like structures that aid in movement and feeding.

Question 7

Pseudopod: What is it and its function?

Answer 7

A pseudopod is an extension of the cell membrane used for movement and engulfing food.

Question 8

What is binary fission in protists?

Answer 8

Binary fission is an asexual reproduction method where a protist divides into two identical cells.

Question 9

How do protists reproduce sexually?

Answer 9

Protists reproduce sexually through conjugation, where two cells exchange genetic material.

Question 10

What is a fruiting body in slime molds?

Answer 10

A fruiting body is a structure in slime molds that releases haploid spores for sexual reproduction.

Question 11

How do autotrophic protists obtain energy?

Answer 11

Autotrophic protists obtain energy through photosynthesis.

Question 12

How do heterotrophic protists obtain energy?

Answer 12

Heterotrophic protists obtain energy through cellular respiration

Question 13

Describe the unique characteristics of Euglena.

Answer 13

Euglena is a protist that exhibits both algae (plant-like) and protozoan (animal-like) characteristics.

Question 14

What is the Endosymbiosis Theory in the context of protists?

Answer 14

The Endosymbiosis Theory suggests that early protists formed mutualistic relationships where one cell lived inside another, leading to the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 15

What evidence supports the Endosymbiosis Theory?

Answer 15

Mitochondria and chloroplasts Reproduction method of mitochondria and chloroplasts Examples of modern endosymbiosis

Question 16

Mitochondria and chloroplasts: What unique feature do they share?

Answer 16

Both have their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 17

Both have their own DNA and ribosomes.

Answer 17

They reproduce similarly to bacteria through binary fission.

Question 18

Examples of modern endosymbiosis

Answer 18

Amoeba use bacteria to make energy; coral and hydra use algae to make energy

Question 19

Describe Stage 2 of multicellular evolution in protists

Answer 19

Protists began to live in colonies where they initially performed the same tasks. Over time, these colonies developed specialized cells, leading to the first simple multicellular organisms.

Question 20

How did protists contribute to the evolution of higher kingdoms?

Answer 20

the three types of protists evolved into the three higher kingdoms of life: fungi, plants, and animals.

Question 21

Identify and describe the three main types of protists.

Answer 21

Protozoan Algae Slime Molds

Question 22

Protozoan: What type of protist are they and give examples.

Answer 22

Protozoan are animal-like protists, examples include Paramecium and Amoeba.

Question 23

Algae: What are they?

Answer 23

Algae are plant-like protists.

Question 24

Slime Molds: What type of protists are they?

Answer 24

Slime molds are fungus-like protists.

Question 25

What roles do protists play in nutrient cycles?

Answer 25

Producers decomposers

Question 26

What is the importance of plankton in food webs?

Answer 26

Plankton forms the foundation of ocean food chains

Question 27

Name two parasitic diseases caused by protists

Answer 27

Malaria and dysentery.

Question 28

How do protists participate in mutualism?

Answer 28

Protists can provide energy or aid in digestion within their hosts.

Question 29

Describe the cellular structure of fungi.

Answer 29

Fungi are eukaryotes with organelles.

Question 30

What are the two forms fungi can take?

Answer 30

Fungi can be unicellular (e.g., yeast) or multicellular.

Question 31

What is significant about the “Honey Mushroom”?

Answer 31

It is the largest organism on Earth, spanning 2200 acres in Oregon and is approximately 2400 years old.

Question 32

From what did fungi evolve?

Answer 32

Fungi evolved from slime molds around 460 million years ago.

Question 33

Explain the body structure of fungi.

Answer 33

Hyphae:
Answer: Hyphae are tiny tubes that transport decomposed nutrients.
b) Mycelium:
Answer: Mycelium is a large mass of hyphae that constitutes the body of the fungus.

Question 34

How do fungi obtain energy?

Answer 34

Fungi obtain energy by decomposing material with enzymes and absorbing the nutrients, or by recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Question 35

asexual reproduction methods in fungi.

Answer 35

Budding Regeneration

Question 36

What is a fruiting body in fungi and its role?

Answer 36

A fruiting body is a sexual reproductive structure that releases haploid spores.

Question 37

Budding

Answer 37

Budding is an asexual process where new cells form as outgrowths of the parent.

Question 38

Regeneration

Answer 38

Regeneration is an asexual process where fungi heal and grow back from parts of themselves.

Question 39

How are fungi classified

Answer 39

Fungi are classified based on their fruiting bodies and reproduction methods.

Question 40

Describe the different types of fungi and their fruiting bodies.

Answer 40

Molds Club Fungi Sac Fungi imperfect Fungi

Question 41

What roles do fungi play as decomposers and recyclers?

Answer 41

Fungi break down organic material and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Question 42

Give examples of parasitic diseases caused by fungi

Answer 42

Examples include athlete’s foot and ringworm.

Question 43

How do fungi participate in food webs?

Answer 43

Some fungi are carnivores and play a role in food webs.

Question 44

What is a well-known antibiotic derived from fungi?

Answer 44

Penicillin.

Question 45

Describe the mutualistic relationship between mycorrhizae and plants.

Answer 45

Mycorrhizae are associations between fungi and plant roots that exchange nutrients, benefitting both parties; 90% of all plants have this relationship.

Question 46

What is mycofiltration and its purpose?

Answer 46

Mycofiltration is the process of filtering and purifying pollution through fungal mycelium barriers.