6

Question 1

Inorganic ions are ions that don’t contain … (although there are a few exceptions to this rule).

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

An enzyme … is a non-protein substance that is required for an enzyme’s activity.

Answer 2

cofactor

Question 3

… cation - Involved in the transmission of nerve impulses and the release of insulin from the pancreas. Acts as a cofactor for many enzymes, e.g. those involved in blood clotting. Is important for bone formation

Answer 3

calcium

Question 4

… cation - important for generating nerve impulses, for muscle contraction and for regulating fluid balance in the body.

Answer 4

sodium

Question 5

… cation - important for generating nerve impulses, for muscle contraction and for regulating fluid balance in the body. Activates essential enzymes needed for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Answer 5

potassium

Question 6

… cation - affects the pH of substances, also important for photosynthesis reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts and respiration reactions that occur in the inner membrane of mitochondria.

Answer 6

hydrogen

Question 7

… cation - absorbed from the soil by plants and is an important source of nitrogen (makes amino acids)

Answer 7

ammonium

Question 8

… anion - acts as a buffer, which helps to maintain the pH of the blood

Answer 8

hydrocarbonate

Question 9

… anion - involved in the ‘… shift’ which helps to maintain the pH of the blood during gas exchange. Acts as a cofactor for the enzyme amylase. Also involved in some nerve impulses.

Answer 9

chloride

Question 10

… anion - involved in photosynthesis and respiration reactions. Needed for the synthesis of many biological molecules, such as nucleotides (including ATP), phospholipids, and calcium phosphate (strengthens bones)

Answer 10

phosphate

Question 11

… anion - affects the pH of substances

Answer 11

hydroxide

Question 12

Plants need … to produce chlorophyll, if it doesn’t get enough its leaves will turn yellow.

Answer 12

nitrogen