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Biology Module 2.2 > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Water is a … in lots of important chemical reactions, including hydrolysis reactions

A

reactant

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2
Q

Water is a …, meaning some substances dissolve in it

A

solvent

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3
Q

Most biological reactions take place in … so water is essential.

A

solution

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4
Q

Water transports substances. The fact that it’s a liquid and a solvent means it can easily transport all sorts of materials, like … and oxygen around plants and animals.

A

glucose

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5
Q

Water helps with … control because it has a high specific heat capacity and a high latent heat of evaporation.

A

temperature

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6
Q

Water is a … The fact that it helps with temperature control, is a solvent and becomes less dense when it freezes means many organisms can survive and reproduce in it.

A

habitat

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7
Q

A molecule of water (H2O) is one atom of oxygen joined by two atoms of hydrogen by shared …

A

electrons

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8
Q

Because the negative hydrogen electrons are pulled towards the oxygen atom, the other side of each hydrogen atom is left with a slight … charge.

A

negative

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9
Q

A polar molecule has a partial … charge on one side and a partial positive charge on the other.

A

negative

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10
Q

The unshared negative electrons on the oxygen atom give it a partial … charge on one side and a partial positive charge on the other.

A

negative

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11
Q

The slightly negatively-charged oxygen atoms attract the slightly positively-charged atoms of other water molecules. This attraction is called … bonding.

A

hydrogen

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12
Q

Hydrogen bonds give water a high … … … - the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1C.

A

specific heat capacity

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13
Q

The hydrogen bonds between water molecules can absorb a lot of …

A

energy

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14
Q

Water has a high specific heat capacity meaning it takes a lot of energy to … it up.

A

heat

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15
Q

Because water has a high specific heat capacity, it doesn’t experience rapid temperature changes, which is one of the reasons it makes a great habitat, the temperature under water is likely to be more … than it is on land.

A

stable

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16
Q

It takes a lot of energy to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. So water has a high latent heat of … - a lot of energy is used up when water evaporates.

A

evaporation

17
Q

A high latent heat of evaporation is useful in living organsims because it can … things, for example, when sweat evaporates it cools the surface of the skin.

A

cool

18
Q

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the … type.

A

same

19
Q

Water molecules are very … because they’re polar.

A

cohesive

20
Q

Because water is very …, it helps water to flow, making it great for transporting substances.

A

cohesive

21
Q

Cohesion helps water to be transported up plant stems in the … stream.

A

transpiration

22
Q

At low temperatures water freezes - it turns from a liquid to a solid. Water molecules are held further apart in ice than they are in liquid because each water molecule forms four hydrogen bonds to other molecules, making a … shape.

A

lattice

23
Q

Because of the lattice shape ice is less dense than liquid water - which is why ice …

A

floats

24
Q

Ice floating is useful for organisms because in cold temperatures, ice forms an … layer on top of water, as the water below doesn’t freeze.

A

insulating

25
Q

A lot of important substances in biological reactions are …

A

ionic

26
Q

When a substance is ionic, it means it is made from one …-charged atom or molecule and one negatively-charged atom.

A

positively

27
Q

Because water is polar, the slightly positive end of a water molecule will be attracted to the … ion, and the slightly negative end of a water molecule will be attracted to the positive ion.

A

negative

28
Q

The ions will get totally surrounded by water molecules, this means that they will …

A

dissolve

Biology Module 2.2 (6 decks)

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