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Biology Module 2.2 > 3 > Flashcards

3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbohydrates are needed by living organisms for things like … … and support.

A

energy storage

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2
Q

Most carbohydrates are …

A

polymers

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3
Q

All carbohyrates are made from the same three chemical elements - _______, hydrogen, oxygen.

A

carbon

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4
Q

For every carbon atom in the carbohydrate there are usually two … atoms and one oxygen atom.

A

hydrogen

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5
Q

The monomers that make up carbohydrates are called …

A

monosaccharides

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6
Q

Glucose is a monosaccharide with … carbon atoms.

A

six

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7
Q

Glucose is a … monosaccharide.

A

hexose

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8
Q

Both alpha and beta forms of glucose have a … structure.

A

ring

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9
Q

Glucose structure is related to its function as the main … source in animals and plants.

A

energy

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10
Q

Glucose’s structure makes it soluble, so it can be easily …

A

transported

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11
Q

Glucose’s chemical bonds contain lots of …

A

energy

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12
Q

Ribose is a monosaccharide with … carbon atoms.

A

five

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13
Q

Ribose is a … monosaccharide.

A

pentose

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14
Q

Monosaccharides are joined by … bonds.

A

glycosidic

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15
Q

During synthesis, a hydrogen atom on one monosaccharide bonds to a … (OH) group on the other, releasing a molecule of water (condensation reaction).

A

hydroxyl

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16
Q

The opposite of this polysaccharide formation reaction is … - a molecule of water reacts with the glycosidic bond, breaking it apart.

A

hydrolysis

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17
Q

Although most carbohydrates are …, single monosaccharides are also called carbohydrates.

A

polymers

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18
Q

A … is formed when two monosaccharides join together.

A

disaccharide

19
Q

Two a-glucose molecules are joined together by a glycosidic bond to form …

A

maltose

20
Q

Sucrose is a disaccharide formed when alpha glucose and … join together.

A

fructose

21
Q

Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the joining together of … with either alpha or beta glucose.

A

galactose

22
Q

A … is formed when more than two monosaccharides join together.

A

polysaccharide

23
Q

Lots of alpha glucose molecules are joined together by … bonds to form amylose.

A

glycosidic

24
Q

You can test for the presence of starch using the … test.

A

iodine

25
Q

Starch is the main energy storage material in …

A

plants

26
Q

Starch is the main energy storage material in …

A

plants

27
Q

Cells get energy from glucose and plants store excess glucose as …

A

starch

28
Q

Starch is … in water so it doesn’t cause water to enter cells by osmosis.

A

insoluble

29
Q

Starch is a mixture of two … of alpha-glucose - amylose and amylopectin.

A

polysaccharides

30
Q

… is a long, unbranched chain of a-glucose.

A

amylose

31
Q

The angles of the … bonds in amylose give it a coiled structure, almost like a cylinder.

A

glycosidic

32
Q

… is a long, branched chain of a-glucose.

A

amylopectin

33
Q

Amylopectin’s side branches allow the … that break down the molecule to get at the glycosidic bonds easily.

A

enzymes

34
Q

… bonds between a-glucose molecules help to hold amylose in its helical structure.

A

hydrogen

35
Q

Hydrogen bonds between a-glucose molecules help to hold amylose in its … structure.Hydrogen bonds between a-glucose molecules help to hold amylose in its … structure.

A

helical

36
Q

… is the main energy material in animals.

A

glycogen

37
Q

Animal cells get energy from glucose too, but animals store excess glucose as … - another polysaccharide of alpha-glucose.

A

glycogen

38
Q

Glycogen is very similar to amylopectin, except that it has loads more side … coming off it.

A

branches

39
Q

Loads of branches means that stored … can be released quickly, which is important for energy release in animals.

A

glucose

40
Q

… is the major component of cell walls in plants.

A

cellulose

41
Q

Cellulose is made of long, unbranched chains of …-glucose

A

beta

42
Q

When beta-glucose molecules bond, they form straight … chains.

A

cellulose

43
Q

The cellulose chains are linked together by hydrogen bonds, to form strong fibres called …

A

microfibrils

44
Q

The strong fibres mean … provides structural support for cells.

A

cellulose

Biology Module 2.2 (6 decks)

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