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NCATT AET Volume 2 > 6-1) Aircraft Workplace Safety > Flashcards

6-1) Aircraft Workplace Safety Flashcards

1
Q

On average, how many workers are electrocuted every week in the US?

A

5

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2
Q

On average, what percentage of workplace deaths are caused by electrocution?

A

12%

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3
Q

Apart from shock or electrocution, what other hazard can electricity lead to?

A

Electrical sparks that cause fires. Sparks can ignite vapors or fluids which can quickly injure workers in the area.

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4
Q

What are the two main types of injuries commonly attributed to electricity?

A

Electrical shocks

Electrical burns

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5
Q

Describe electrical shock injuries

A

Non-fatal injuries that may cause strain type injuries where the muscles contract so violently as to the point that muscle strain or sprain are possible. This is particularly common with AC electrical shock injuries.

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6
Q

What is electrocution?

A

Death from electricity that causes either the heart to stop or causes it to go into fibrillation, and erratic heart beat the can cause clots heart failure.

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7
Q

Describe the characteristics of an electrical burn

A

Electrical burn injuries are caused by heat produced from the flow of electricity in the body. Damage can be on the surface or deep inside the body. Particular damage can occur if current flows along the surface of the skin. Burns are common with DC voltage injury.

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8
Q

Why are fall injuries something related to electrical shock?

A

When a non-fatal shock occurs, a technician may be on a ladder, stand or scaffolding. The shock causes the muscles to constrict and temporary muscular control is lost leading to imbalance and a fall. Uncontrolled convulsions of the muscles could make the worker collapse or fall.

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9
Q

What conditions make it possible to receive an electrical shock?

A

Current passes through the body. If you body completes a circuit by touching a live wire and an electrical ground or by touching a live wire and another wire at a different voltage.

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10
Q

What factors determine the severity of electrical shock?

A
  • Path of current through the body
  • Amount of current flowing through the body (amps)
  • Duration of the shock
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11
Q

Is low voltage safe?

A

Low voltage does not mean low hazard

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12
Q

What effects on the body can currents above 10mA have?

A

Paralyze or “freeze” muscles

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13
Q

What effects on the body can currents above 75mA have?

A

Cause a rapid ineffective heartbeat. Death will occur in just a few minutes unless a defibrillator is used to reset the heartbeat.

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14
Q

What area of the body is most prone to electrical burns?

A

The hands are most vulnerable due to arcing that occurs when the tool being used has a poor ground.

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15
Q

What are 3 contributing factors that can contribute to electrical accidents?

A
  • Unsafe equipment and/or installation
  • Workplaces made unsafe by the environment
  • Unsafe work practices
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16
Q

According to OSHA rules, how must electrical equipment operating at 50V or more be treated?

A

It must be guarded against electrical contact by cabinets or other forms of enclosures or by some other means.

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17
Q

Apart from enclosure in a cabinet, how else should workers be protected from electrical equipment?

A

Partitions, screens arranged that only qualified persons have access to the space. Any opening in such partitions or screens shall be sized and located so that person are not likely to come into accidental contact with the any live components or bring conducting objects into contact with them.

By location on a balcony, gallery or platform elevated and arranged so as to exclude unqualified persons.

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18
Q

How much elevation above the floor should potentially hazardous electrical equipment be located so as to avoid accidental contact?

A

8’

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19
Q

Why are overhead or buried power lines especially hazardous?

A

They carry extremely high voltage. Fatal electrocution is the main risk, but burns and falls are also hazards.

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20
Q

What is the main risk associated with overhead or buried power lines?

A

Using tools or equipment that can contract the conductors

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21
Q

What percentage of electrocutions are caused by direct worker contact with energized power lines?

A

More than half

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22
Q

In the past, what percentage of lineman deaths were caused by contacting a live wire with a bare hand?

A

80%

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23
Q

What PPE must lineman use when working around overhead power lines?

A

Rubber gloves that can insulate up to 34,500 volts

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24
Q

What must be done to protect workers before overhead power lines are worked on?

A

Must be de-energized and grounded by the owner or operator of the lines, or other protective measures must be provided before work can start.

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25
Q

What are some types of PPE that can protect lineman working on electricity?

A

Rubber insulating gloves, hoods, sleeves, matting, blankets, line hose, industrial protective helmets

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26
Q

What are 7 rules to avoid electrical hazards when working near overhead power lines?

A
  • Look for overhead or buried power line indicators and posted warning signs.
  • Contact utilities for buried power line locations.
  • Stay at least 10’ away from overhead power lines.
  • Unless you know otherwise, assume that overhead lines are energized.
  • Get the owner or operator of the lines to de-energize and ground lines when working near them.
  • Guard/insulate the lines.
  • Use non-conductive work or fiberglass ladders when working near power lines.
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27
Q

What potential hazards does mismatched wire gauge present?

A

If wires are too small a gauge to accommodate the current that they will carry. A circuit breaker is matched to a wire size, but in older wiring, branch lines to permanent light fixtures could be wired with a smaller gauge than the supply cable.

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28
Q

How much current can #10 AWG wire handle?

A

30A

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29
Q

How much current can #12 AWG wire handle?

A

25A

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30
Q

How much current can #14 AWG wire handle?

A

18A

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31
Q

How much current can #16 AWG wire handle?

A

13A

32
Q

What should you look out for in regard to extension cords or equipment power cords?

A
  • Wear and tear can loosen or expose wires
  • Cords that are not 3-wire type
  • Not designed for hard-usage
  • Have been modified in any way
33
Q

What are some conditions that might damage an electrical cord?

A
  • Aging
  • Contact with door or window edges
  • Abrasion from adjacent materials
  • Activity in the area
34
Q

Can extension cords become damaged when exposed to “normal” construction use?

A

Yes

35
Q

What should you look out for when using extension cords?

A

Exposed wire from the insulator, or conductors that have come loose from their terminal screws–especially the grounding pin

36
Q

What are 7 rules to be aware of when using extension cords?

A
  • Insulate live wires
  • Check cords before use
  • Use only grounded 3-wire type cords
  • Use only cords marked for hard or extra hard use
  • Use only cords, connection devices and fittings equipped with strain relief
  • Remove cords by pulling on the plugs, not on the cords
  • Cords not marked for hard or extra use use, or which have been modified or damaged must be taken out of service immediately
37
Q

Why does grounded equipment make it safer from electrical hazards?

A

Grounding creates a low-resistance path from a tool to the earth to disperse any unwanted current. When a short or lightning occurs, excess current flows to the ground, protecting you from electrical shock, injury or death.

38
Q

Define Grounded

A

Connected to earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth.

39
Q

Define Grounded, effectively

A

(Over 600V, nominal) Permanently connected to earth through a ground connection or sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient ampacity that ground fault current, which may occur, cannot build up to voltages dangerous to personnel.

40
Q

Define Grounded Conductor

A

A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded

41
Q

Define Grounding conductor

A

A conductor used to connect equipment or the grounded circuit of a wiring system to a grounding electrode or electrodes.

42
Q

What is the most frequently violated OSHA electrical regulation?

A

Improper grounding of equipment and circuitry. The metal parts of an electrical wiring system that we touch (switch plates, ceiling light fixtures, conduit etc.,) should be grounded and at 0V. If the system is not grounded properly, these parts may become energized. Metal parts or motors, appliances or electronics that are plugged into improperly grounded circuits may be energized. If there is no safe path to ground for fault currents, exposed metal parts in damaged appliances can become energized.

43
Q

Under what condition may extension cords not provide a continuous path to ground?

A

Broken ground wire or ground pin

44
Q

Can electrical systems be grounded to metal water pipes?

A

Yes, but if plumbing is used as a path to ground for fault current, all pipes must be made of conductive material.

45
Q

What is Service or System Ground?

A

One wire, called the “neutral conductor” or “grounded conductor” is grounded. In ordinary low voltage circuit, the white (or gray) wire is grounded at the generator or transformer. This type of ground is primarily designed to protect machines, tools and insulation against damage.

46
Q

What is Equipment Ground?

A

Equipment ground provides enhanced worker protection by providing an additional path from a tool or machine to ground through which current can flow. This additional safeguard grounds equipment and protects the operator from shock on metal components if the tool becomes energized.

47
Q

What does GFCI stand for?

A

Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter

48
Q

How does GFCI work?

A

They compare the amount of current going to an electrical device against the amount of current returning from the device. It interrupts electrical power within as little as 1/40th of a second when the amount of outgoing current differs from the returning current by about 5mA.

49
Q

What are 3 high risk situations that the NEC (National Electrical Code) requires GFCI’s to be used?

A
  • Electricity is used near water
  • The user of electrical equipment is grounded (by touching grounded material)
  • Circuits are providing power to portable tools or to outdoor receptacles.
50
Q

Why must over current protection devices be properly matched to the conductors that they service?

A

If circuit breakers or fuses are too big (high current rating), for the wires they are supposed to protect, an overload in the circuit will not be detected and the current will not be shut off when it should be.

51
Q

What are 4 hazardous conditions that could cause overcurrent?

A
  • Too many devices plugged into a circuit, causing heated wires and possibly a fire
  • Damaged tools overheating
  • Lack of overcurrent protection
  • Wire insulation melting, which may cause arcing and a fire in the area where the overload exists, even inside a wall
52
Q

What basic function to circuit breakers and fuses perform?

A

Open the circuit to shut off the electrical circuit when an over current condition occurs.

53
Q

What is the basic concept of an overcurrent protection device like a circuit breaker or fuse?

A

Create a weak link in a circuit that will open the circuit at a pre-determined amperage, thus protecting the equipment from damage.

54
Q

What is a basic difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker?

A

A fuse can only be used once. A circuit breaker can be reset and used multiple times.

55
Q

What is the difference between fuses/circuit breaker and GFCI devices?

A

GFCI devices are the only protective devices designed to protect people. Fuses/circuit breakers may reduce the risk, but their primary function is to protect equipment.

56
Q

What should you do before taking a tool out to an aircraft to use?

A

Inspect the tool first. Make sure the tool is safe for operating. No missing parts. No damage to the cord or housing.

57
Q

When using temporary outdoor lights, what must you be careful of?

A

Be careful of cords, in wet conditions and tripping hazards. Most bright lights are very hot. Heat can raise volatile vapors high enough to flash over.

58
Q

What does it mean if a light is explosion proof?

A

It is double insulated from vapors and it is designed to not shatter when dropped or struck.

59
Q

What may be indicated by this “electrical hazard hint?”

Tripped circuit breakers and blown fuses

A

Too much current is flowing in a circuit. Could be due to malfunctioning equipment or short between conductors. Cause must be determined.

60
Q

What may be indicated by this “electrical hazard hint?”

Electrical tool, appliance, wire or connection feels warm

A

Too much current in the circuit or equipment.

61
Q

What may be indicated by this “electrical hazard hint?”

Extension cord feels warm

A

May indicate too much current for the size of the wire

62
Q

What may be indicated by this “electrical hazard hint?”

Cable, fuse box or junction box feels warm

A

May indicate too much current in the circuits

63
Q

What may be indicated by this “electrical hazard hint?”

Burning odor

A

Overheating insulation

64
Q

What may be indicated by this “electrical hazard hint?”

Worn, frayed or damaged insulation around any wire or other conductor

A

Conductors could be exposed. Could cause a shock, short or arc that could lead to a fire. Inspect all insulation for scrapes and breaks

65
Q

What may be indicated by this “electrical hazard hint?”

Any GFCI trips

A

Current leaked from the circuit

66
Q

What may be indicated by this “electrical hazard hint?”

GFCI keeps tripping multiple times

A

Don’t keep resetting it. There is a problem that must be fixed before work can continue.

67
Q

What must happen to controls for proper lockout-tagout?

A

Controls that are to be de-energized on equipment that is getting worked on should be tagged.

68
Q

What must happen to Equipment and Circuits for proper lockout-tagout?

A

Equipment or circuits that are de-energized shall be rendered inoperative and shall have tags attached at all points where such equipment or circuits can be energized.

69
Q

What must happen to tags for proper lockout-tagout?

A

Tags shall be placed to identify plainly the equipment or circuits being worked on.

70
Q

What must happen for proper lockout-tagout?

A

While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric equipment or circuits which have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be tagged and locked out.

71
Q

What is the role for PPE when dealing with hazards?

A

PPE is the last line of defense against hazards. Once the hazards has been addressed in all other possible ways, PPE can provide some protection.

72
Q

What type of shoes are best worn for electrical safety?

A

Nonconductive and protect your feet from completing an electrical circuit to ground. Protect against circuits with up to 600V in dry conditions. Shoes should be used with other insulating equipment and precautions to reduce or eliminate the potential for providing a path for hazardous electricity.

73
Q

Can PPE adequately protect workers from high voltage on aircraft?

A

No, not completely. It’s always best to remove power from any equipment before working on an aircraft.

74
Q

What OSHA classification of hard hat provides general protection from electric shock?

A

Class G (General), 2,200 V

75
Q

What OSHA classification of hard hat provides the best protection from electric shock?

A

Glass E (Electrical), 20,000V

NCATT AET Volume 2 (10 decks)

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