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5G > 5G Test > Flashcards

5G Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Delivery of computing services over the Internet to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale

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2
Q

Which are the deployment models for VNFc

A

The combination of the Software based implementation of the network function, and the deployment view of the software architecture 1:1 and 1:n

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3
Q

What are the three types of use cases identified for Edge Computing?

A

Enterprise network: Secure and customized local access network
Smart Office: Secure connectivity
Automotive mobile network: Remote car maintenance

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4
Q

What is convergence? Example

A

The merging of distinct technologies, industries, or devices into a unified whole
Fixed Mobile Convergence, Wi-Fi Convergence

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5
Q

What are the next steps in wireless network convergence?

A

Factory automation

Critical infrastructures

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6
Q

Which are the main 5G use cases categories proposed by the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) alliance?

A 
Broadband access in dense area
Broadband access everywhere
High user mobility
Massive IoT
Extreme real time communication
Lifeline communication
Ultra-reliable communication
Broadcast like services
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7
Q

Which are the types of accesses which dock to the 5G convergent core network?

A

WiFi

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8
Q

Please explain the static versus stateful model with figure representation

A

Stateful: The client is tied to a specific
VNFC from the duration of all session

Stateless: The state of a session is stored in the client and attached in each request or stored/retrieved by the VNFC from an external database

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9
Q

Describe the VNF load balancing models. Depict the relationship between the VNFs, VNFs including LB and NF

A

Internal Load Balancer: The VNF contains a VNFC which acts as load balancer and distribute internally the requests to the other VNFCs

External Load Balancer: An additional VNF that acts as the LB and distributes the requests over the set of VNFCs

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10
Q

What are the planes of an SDN architecture?

A

Data, Control, and management planes

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11
Q

What are the main advantages of the 5G evolution?

A

Communication can be executed through dedicated networks

Local access networks can use carrier-grade network technologies

Network functions can be placed in different network locations

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12
Q

Why use a 5G system instead of a 4G one

A

Network functions can be customized depending on the communication requirements

The system can use the infrastructure available at the location

The system can integrate with different access networks

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13
Q

Describe the interaction between the network function (services) within Service Based Architecture

A

“Request-Response” − Based on the producer-consumer model

“Subscribe-Notify” − Based on an event-based mechanism − May include implicit subscriptions

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14
Q

During the AMF selection procedure: AMF is selected with assistance from the NSSF

A

Initial UE message (Registration Request)

UDM selection and get slice selection data from UDM

Querying the NSSF using UE identity

NRF gives network location to AMF

Direct: AMF forward message to target

Indirect: AMF forwards the message back to the gNB to “restart” the procedure with the target AMF

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15
Q

What is a network function?

A

a basic element (a functional block) of a system, within a network infrastructure which has well-defined external interfaces and well-defined functional behavior

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16
Q

Benefits of Convergence

A

Cost of deployment, management and maintenance is reduced

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17
Q

What are the opportunities of convergence?

A

Offer a unique global network for all communication services with reduced cost

Address new market where the previous networks were too expensive

18
Q

What are the limits of convergence?

A

two services will try to differentiate between themselves through the reaction of added value service

a system does not fit all

19
Q

Name and describe at least three 5G key technological challenges from 5G PPP view.

A

Geographical area
Lower energy consumption
Scalable management

20
Q

Name and describe three 5G core network principles

A

Control-User Plane Separation (CUPS)
Modularized function design
Minimize the dependencies between access and core

21
Q

Please describe the session continuity diversity models in 5G

A

Full session continuity: IP connectivity maintained regardless of UE mobility events

Break-before-make: The network instructs the UE to immediately reconnect and disconnects it.

Make-before-break: A new connectivity is established before the previous is release

22
Q

Describe the functionality of the Network Exposure Function (NEF)

A

Provides the interworking with third party functionality

23
Q

Which are the main characteristics of a carrier grade network?

A

Main: wide AAA functionality, QoS insurance, Mobility support and reliability

Other: Charging, Emergency calls, Lawful interception, Device management, Access Network Discovery and selection

24
Q

What are the network management functions?

A

Element Manager (EM): management for a Network Function (NF)

Managing Entity (ME): Makes decisions for different management operations

25
Q

Describe the basic functioning of an open flow switch

A

Separation between Switch and Routing/Forwarding functionality

26
Q

What are the key communication changes with 5G?

A

The network functions are becoming software only

Network functions can be installed in compute nodes at the edge of the network

Development of new types of local access networks (and integrating existing ones)

27
Q

How is QoS achieved in 5G?

A

prioritizing traffic flows and providing preferential forwarding for higher-priority packets

28
Q

Describe in as much detail as possible the UE initiated de-registration (UE becomes unregistered)

A

UE triggers deregistration using NAS message

AMF triggers context release in SMF.

SMF notifies all the UPFs to release the Sessions associated with the specific UE.

SMF-PCF policy association is terminated.

SMF unsubscribes to the UDM events

AMF-PCF policy association is terminated.

Deregistration is transmitted to the UE

29
Q

Describe the differences: 4G vs. slicing vs. private networks

A

4G: 4G is uniform for all the use cases

Slicing: Each of the communication services is supported by a dedicated virtualized network composed of software components customized for the specific requirements

Private Networks: Every enterprise wants an isolated network for themselves independent from general network.

30
Q

Describe the special 5G feature for backhaul selection

A

SD-WAN functionality :

Communicate with an end-to-end OTT WAN network management

Provide the secure association with central node

Predicting and adapting to the backhaul conditions

31
Q

Describe and depict the WiFi convergence (with LTE systems).

A

Two ways to be integrated:
At service level
At core network level

Gambar

32
Q

Describe the concept of cell-free RAN

A

Multiple radio heads connected to a single base station

Centralized scheduling

33
Q

Name 3 functions of the Session Management Function (SMF)

A

Session management
UE IP address allocation
Selection and control of UPF

34
Q

Name 4 functions of the User Plane Function (UPF)

A

Packet routing and forwarding
Lawful interception
Traffic usage reporting
QoS handling

35
Q

What are the mechanisms typically used for ensuring service continuity?

A

Moving state to a different VNF

Replicating state on different VNFs

36
Q

Benchmarking

A

Main: Performance, Quality, Reliability, Security

End-to-end: important to have an end-to-end test system where the system under test is composed into an end-to-end system with reference functions

37
Q

What does 5-nines mean?

A

The system is active 99,999% of time

38
Q

What is the role of network slicing?

A

Customizing networks for addressing specific requirements

39
Q

Describe the high-level functionality for authentication and authorization

A

Based on: SIM card information and Subscriber profile information stored in the network.

Specific to the control plane

gambar

40
Q

Describe the high-level functionality for security

A

Secure access and core network connection

Access to the IP connectivity enabled by EPC is done only subscription

Lawful Interception

No direct communication with the UEs

Gambar

41
Q

Describe in as much detail as possible the Integrated Access-Backhaul (IAB).

A

Intermediary CPE-like node proxying the connectivity for other UEs

5G (8 decks)

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