Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. AGM - R2101 Plant Classification etc > 5.Definitions > Flashcards

5.Definitions Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Leaves
  2. Internal structure
  3. Cotyledons
  4. Flower parts
A

1.leaves

M - strap-like leaves with parallel veins

D - Broad leaves with netted vein patterns

2.Internal structure

M - Scattered vascular bundles in stems

D- Vascular bundles in rings in stems

3. Cotyledons

M -One cotyledon (‘seed leaf’)

D - Two cotyledons (‘seed leaves’)4.F

4. Flower Parts

M Flower parts (petals, sepals etc.) in 3s or multiples of 3

D Flower parts in multiples of 2, 4 or 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. Epidermis
  2. Cuticle
  3. Palisade layer
  4. Spongy mesophyll
  5. Stomata

6 Guard cells

A
  1. A single layer of cells , covering the outside surface of the leaf
  2. This waxy layer acts as a protective covering against pest and disease infestations and water loss.
  3. A layer of tightly packed oblong cells, which contain large numbers of chloroplasts.
  4. made up of loosely packed cells that facilitate the diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour.
  5. The stomata are breathing pores, predominantly in the lower epidermis, which allow for the diffusion of gases into and from the leaf.
  6. Open and close in response to light levels and the water content of the plant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. Photosynthesis
A
  1. the process by which plants manufacture sugars from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The energy for this process is obtained from sunlight, which is absorbed by chlorophyll. Oxygen is given off as a by-product.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. Pedicel
  2. Receptacle
  3. Sepals
  4. Calyx
  5. Petals
  6. Corolla
  7. Corona

8 perianth,

9.Nectaries

A
  1. The pedicel is the flower stalk, the top of which is an enlarged area called the receptacle
  2. The receptacle holds the whorls (rings) of flower parts
  3. The sepals form the outer-most whorl and serve to protect the flower when it is in bud.
  4. The sepals are known collectively as the calyx.

5. Attract pollinators with their scent, shape and colour.

6.The petals are known collectively as the corolla

7.When petals are fused together they are known as a corona

  1. The corolla and the calyx together are known as the perianth, which roughly translates as ‘around the flower’
  2. The nectaries, which produce nectar, are located at the base of the petal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. Stamen
  2. Anther
  3. Carpel
  4. the ovary
  5. The style
  6. The stigma

7.

A
  1. The stamen is the male part, which consists of two parts: the anther and the filament
  2. The anther usually has two lobes; each lobe has two pollen sacs, within which the pollen is produced.
  3. The female part is the carpel: This consists of three parts: the ovary, style and stigma.
  4. The ovary is at the base of the carpel and contains one or more ovules.
  5. The style is a slender stalk that supports the stigma

6 The stigma is the topmost part of the carpel. It is designed to receive pollen, and is often sticky or ridged so that pollen adheres to it.

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1.Pollination

A
  1. Pollination is the transfer of pollen (which contains the male gamete) from the anther (part of the male reproductive organ) to the stigma (part of the female reproductive organ). This process precedes fertilisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Fertilisation
A
  1. the fusion of a male gamete from the pollen with a female gamete in the ovule to produce a zygote (embryo).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. Fruit
  2. Dehiscent fruits
  3. Indehiscent fruits
A
  1. A fruit is formed from the ovary after fertilisation. The fruit contains the seeds which develop from the ovules after fertilisation.
  2. Split open to release the seed contained within them.

3 Do not split open. Examples of indehiscent fruit are acorns and clematis achenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. Seed

2 embryo .

  1. Testa
  2. Micropyle,
  3. hilum
  4. radicle

7 plumule,

  1. hypocotyl.
  2. cotyledon
  3. Epigeal
  4. Hypogeal
  5. Dormancy
A
  1. The seed is formed from the ovule after fertilisation and develops inside the fruit.
  2. immature plant
  3. The embryo is protected by a seed coat or testa,
  4. The point of entry of the pollen tube prior to fertilisation
  5. The point of attachment to the fruit.

6 The primary root of the seedling

7 The shoot system,

  1. The plumule and the radicle are joined in this region

9 single seed leaf is found in monocotyledons, and there are two seed leaves in the dicotyledon.

  1. Dicot -The hypocotyl elongates, pushing the cotyledons abover the ground
  2. The cotyledons remain below the soil as the plumule is pushed above the ground by elongation of the epicotyl.

12 A seed is said to be in a state of dormancy when it is viable, supplied with suitable levels of warmth, oxygen and moisture and yet still does not germinate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. An organ of perennation
  2. Bulb
  3. Corm
  4. Tubers
  5. Stem Tuber
  6. Root Tuber

7 Rhizome

A
  1. a bulb, corm, tuber or rhizome
  2. A bulb is a condensed shoot with fleshy leaves
  3. A corm is a swollen stem base
  4. Tubers can be either swollen roots or swollen stems.
  5. Solanum tuberosum
  6. Dahlia pinnata

7 A creeping underground stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1 Aerobic respiration

  1. Anaerobic respiration
A
  1. The complete breakdown of sugars in the presence of oxygen to release a high yield of energy, carbon dioxide and water
  2. The partial breakdown of sugars when oxygen is absent to release a low yield of energy, carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. Cell wall
  2. Plasmodesmata
  3. Cell membrane
  4. Cytoplasm
  5. chloroplasts,
  6. nucleus,
  7. Mitochondria,
  8. ·Meristematic tissue
A
  1. The cell wall encloses the cell and gives it shape and support. The cell wall is fully permeable, allowing substances to pass through it.
  2. Plasmodesmata provide pathways of communication and transport between cells.
  3. The cell membrane is comparable to a sac that holds the cell contents. It is selectively- permeable allowing some materials to pass through but not others
  4. The cytoplasm is a jelly-like living material.
  5. small bodies, or organelles, which contain chlorophyll, necessary for the process of photosynthesis
  6. the ‘control centre’ for all cell functions. It also carries the genetic material of the cell, so plays an essential role in cell division
  7. Organelles that are the site of cellular respiration, the process that releases energy for cellular processes
  8. occurs at the apical growing points of a plant, e.g. the tip of the stem or root and cambium in stems and roots of dicotyledonous plants. The only cells within the plant which have the ability to divide by a process called Mitosis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. Tap Root
  2. Lateral roots

3.adventitious root

4.The root cap

5. Apical meristem

  1. Zone of elongation
  2. Zone of differentiation
  3. Root hairs
A
  1. Whenthe radicle develops in to a persistent and dominant main root it is called a tap root
  2. Secondary roots which branch out from the original root
  3. A root which develops from a structure other than an existing root (such as a stem or leaf)
  4. The root cap is an area of dead cells that forms a protective cap over the apical meristem as the root pushes through the soil.
  5. The apical meristem is an area of rapid cell division and forms the primary growth point of the root.
  6. the cells produced by the apical meristem increase to more than ten times their original size, pushing the root tip through the soil.
  7. The full-sized cells mature and become specialised into the different tissue types such as the epidermis or vascular system
  8. The root hairs are tiny elongated outgrowths from the epidermis that develop behind the zone of elongation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. Osmosis
  2. Plasmolysis

3 Diffusion

A
  1. the movement of water from an area of low salt concentration to an area of relatively higher salt concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
  2. When the cell is placed in a strong solution, water passes from the cell vacuole into the stronger solution. This causes the vacuole and cytoplasm to contract away from the cell wall
  3. The movement of a gas or liquid from an area of high concentration to an area where the concentration of the gas or liquid is relatively lower
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. Epidermis

2Cortex

  1. The vascular cylinder
  2. Pericycle
  3. Phloem
  4. Xylem
  5. Endodermis
  6. Casparian Strip
A

1The epidermis is made up of a single layer of closely packed cells, which act as a protective cover.

  1. The cortex gives structure to the root and consists of loosely packed parenchyma cells.
  2. This contains the phloem and xylem
  3. The pericycle is the outer layer of cells in the vascular cylinder.
  4. Phloem makes up part of the vascular tissue and is responsible for the transport of sugars.
  5. Xylem is also part of the vascular tissue and transports water and minerals up the plant from the roots to the stems.
  6. This is a single layer of cells, found only in the roots, which encircle the vascular tissue. It is responsible for the regulation of water and mineral movement between the cortex and xylem.
  7. Inside the endodermal cell walls is a waterproof band of material called the casparian strip. This strip directs the water and minerals into the living cell through the semi-permeable cell membrane, which regulates the concentration of minerals reaching the xylem.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Apical Bud
  2. Axillary Bud
  3. Node
  4. Internode
A
  1. The apical bud is a collection of developing leaves tightly packed around the apical meristem,
  2. Axillary buds are found in the angle formed between each leaf and the stem, and are embryonic side shoots.
  3. the region of the stem at which leaves are attached.
  4. The section of the stem between the nodes
17
Q
  1. xylem
  2. phloem
  3. cambium
  4. Epidermis
  5. Stomata
  6. Cortex
  7. Pith
    8.
A
  1. is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals through the plant, from the roots, to the stem and then to the leaves
  2. transports the food manufactured in photosynthesis both up and down the plant
  3. found between the phloem and xylem of some plants.
  4. a single layer of closely packed cells covered in a waxy cuticle
  5. Found in the epidermis of young stems, to allow for gaseous exchange.
  6. The cortex gives structure to the stem and consists of loosely packed parenchyma cells
  7. Pith is made up of parenchyma cells which have a packing and food storage function,

1. AGM - R2101 Plant Classification etc (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions