5a] Immunologic Flashcards
Protection against infectious organisms
Immune system
Two types of immunity
Humoral and cell-mediated
4 ways to classify immuno dysfunctions
1- immunodeficiency
2- hypersensitivity
3- autoimmune
4- immunoproliferative
Inflammation of disarthrodial joints
RA
3 stages that RA progresses in
1- synovium swelling
2- rheumatoid nodules develop
3- erosion of bone, cartilage-enzyme release
Hallmark sign of RA in radiograph
Articular erosion
Who is RA most common in ?
Women 20-40
Risk factors for RA
Genetic susceptibility (HLA-DR4)
Hormones in women
Trigger: infection, environment, stress
Signs and Sx of RA
Constitutional Sx
Joint pain, swell, warm, red, stiff
Morning stiffness
+ RA factor
What joints are affected in RA
MTP
MCP
PIP
Wrist and knees
Joint pain in RA is usually,,,
Bilateral
Dx of RA- ACR criteria - how many must be present?
4 out of 7
ACR criteria for Dx of RA
1- morning stiff more than an hour 2- soft tissue swell in hands 3- soft tissue swell in 3 out of 14 joint groups 4- symmetrical swelling in 1 joint area 5- rheumatoid nodule 6- + RA factor 7- radiograph changes in hands or wrist
Subchondral cyst formation
RA and OA
Joint space narrowing
RA and OA
Bony erosion at joint margins - hallmark sign
RA
Osteophytosis- hallmark sign
OA
Periarticular osteopenia
RA
Subchondral sclerosis
RA
Joint sublux
RA
Ankylosis
RA
Example of immunodeficiency
AIDS
Examples of hypersensitivity
Allergies to drugs
Contact dermatitis
Transplant rejection
5 examples of autoimmune
Fibromyalgia RA SLE Polymyalgia rheumatica Spondyloarthropathies (Guilin-Barre)
Example of immunoproliferative
Leukemia
Tenderness in fibromyalgia
Pain with light touch
Widespread- lasting more than 3 months
Fibromyalgia
Localized pain
Myofascial pain
Tender points = “pain” is + response
Fibromyalgia
Trigger points- hallmark
Myofascial pain
No associated signs and Sx
Myofascial pain
Aches and pains
Stiff
Swelling in soft tissue
Muscle spasms/nodules
Fibromyalgia
4 types of hypersensitivity disorders
1- anaphylactic (allergies)
2- cytolytic or cytotoxic
3- immune complex
4- Cell meditated or delayed
Caused by production of auto antibodies against self cells or tissues that have foreign protein attached
Type 2 hypersensitivity (cytolytic or cytotoxic)
Results from formation of antigen-antibody complexes in tissue
Type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex)
Allergy, autopsy, anaphylaxis
Type 1 hypersensitivity (anaphylactic)
