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Differential Diagnosis > 5] Hematologic > Flashcards

5] Hematologic Flashcards

1
Q

Hematologic disease are disorders of?

A

RBC
WBC
Platelet
Coagulation

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2
Q

Disorders of RBCs (3)

A

Anemia
Polycythemia
Sickle cell anemia

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3
Q

Disorders of WBCs (3)

A

Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Leukemia

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4
Q

Platelet disorders (2)

A

Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytosis

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5
Q

Coagulation disorder

A

Hemophilia

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6
Q

Risk factors for hemat disorder

A 
Meds
Surgery 
Hypercoagulable conditions 
Thromboembolism 
Others vary
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7
Q

Exertion signs and Sx for hemat

A 
Chest pain
Dyspnea 
Palpitations
Weakness
Fatigue
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8
Q

5 general signs and Sx categories for hemat

A 
Exertion 
Skin and fingernail
Neuro
Stool
Infections
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9
Q

Skin and finger signs and Sx for hemat

A 
Observe
Pallor
Cyanosis 
Clubbing 
Bruising/bleeding
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10
Q

Neuro signs and Sx for hemat

A 
Headache
Drowsy
Syncope
Dizzy
Polyneuropathy
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11
Q

Define anemia

A

reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood due to abnormal quality/quantity of RBCs

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12
Q

Hemoglobin level for men

A

Less than 14 g/100ml

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13
Q

Hemoglobin level for women

A

Less than 12 g/100ml

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14
Q

Etiology of anemia

A

Excessive blood loss
Increased destruction of RBCs
Decreased production of RBCs

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15
Q

Is anemia a disease

A

No

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16
Q
  • A symptom of other disorders
  • Chronic blood loss
  • Dietary deficiency
  • Chronic disease (RA, neoplasm, SLE, infection, etc.)
  • Complication of chemotherapy
17
Q

Population affected with anemia

A

Post op b/c of blood loss
Occult
Excessive iron loss through sweat
Female

18
Q

Signs and sx of anemia (6)

A 
Pallor
Fatigue 
DOE
Angina 
Low diastolic BP
CNS changes
19
Q

Headache, dizziness,
syncope, drowsiness,
depression, slow thought
processes, polyneuropathy

A

CNS changes for anemia

20
Q

Additional signs and sx for anemia (4)

A

Nail bed changes
Pale and warm palms
Conjunctive and oral mucous: maybe pale and yellow
Decreased exercise tolerance

21
Q

Koionychia

A

Nail bed changes

22
Q

Sickle cell disease is what type?

A

Inherited, autosomal, recessive

23
Q

What is sickle cell anemia, define

A

Abnormal form of gB

24
Q

RBC shape: altered
• Chronic hemolytic anemia
• Vaso-occlusion

A

Sickle cell anemia

25
Q

Risk factors for sickle cell

A

Ancestry - Africa, india, Saudi, Mediterranean

26
Q

Signs and Sx of sickle cell

A

Pain: damaged tissue b/c of clots
Low grade fever
Other body systems impacted

27
Q

Thrombocytopenia

• Platelet count:

A

Less than 150,000/cc blood

28
Q

Etiology of thrombocytopenia

A

Decreased production
Accelerated platelet destruction
Sequestration in the spleen

29
Q

Complications of thrombo

A

Neoplasm: leukemia, metastatic
Chemotherapy
Aspirin & NSAID use

30
Q

Signs and Sx for thrombo

A

Bleeding: mucosa

Differential Diagnosis (7 decks)

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