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Differential Diagnosis > 4] Metabolic Disease > Flashcards

4] Metabolic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

2 main types of dysfunction in endocrine and metabolic disease

A

Hormonal imbalance

Tumor

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2
Q

Some signs and Sx of endocrine and metabolic disease

A 
Muscular weakness
Carpal tunnel syndrome bilateral 
Periarthritis 
Calcitic tendinitis 
Adhesive capsulitis 
Mental and vital sign changes
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3
Q

Hypo or insufficiency of hormone or hyperactivity

A

Adrenal gland

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4
Q

Screening for endocrine and metabolic disease

A

Check for nodules in the thyroids

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5
Q

Pain would be in the

A

Joint or muscle

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6
Q

Many conditions in endocrine and metabolic disease may cause

A

Bilateral proximal Sx

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7
Q

Red flag

A

PT is not helping improve

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8
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Exocrine

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9
Q

Insulin and glucagon

A

Endocrine

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10
Q

Type I diabetes

A

Children – young adults

Insufficient insulin production

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11
Q

Type II DM

A

After 40 years old

Defective insulin

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12
Q

Risk factors for type I DM

A

Family history
Genetics
Geography
Age

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13
Q

Risk factors for type II DM

A 
No exercise
Fat
Family Hx
Race
More than 45 years old
HTN
Low HDL
Smoker 
Gestational diabetes or more than 9 lb baby
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14
Q

Signs and Sx of DM

A 
Polyuria 
Polydipsia 
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Tired and weak
Blurry vision
Irritable 
Recurring skin, gum, bladder other infections
Paraesthesia 
Delayed healing
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15
Q

Hyperglycemia #s

A

Fasting more than 126

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16
Q

Long term complications of DM

A

Atherosclerosis
Infection
Neuropathies
Periarthritis and hand stiffness

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17
Q

Neural pathway connections to the posterior pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

What hormones are in the posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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19
Q

What hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland

A 
HGH
ACTH
TSH
FSH
LH
Prolactin
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20
Q

Increased secretion of HGH

A

Hyperpituitarism

21
Q

Long bones

A

Gigantism

22
Q

2 parts of adrenal gland

A

Adrenal cortex and medulla

23
Q

What’s in the adrenal cortex

A

Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids- cortisol
Sex hormones

24
Q

What’s in the adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

25
Q

Primary adrenal insufficiency

A

Addison’s disease

26
Q

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

Decreased ACTH acting on adrenals

27
Q

Primary and secondary insufficiency can cause

A 
Hyperpigmentation
Hypotension
Fatigue 
Hypercalcemia 
Hypoglycemia 
Secondary- myalgia, arthralgia
28
Q

Too much cortisol is

A

Cushing’s syndrome

29
Q

Characteristics of Cushing’s syndrome

A

Muscle wasting and weakness
Bone loss (kyphosis)
HTN

30
Q

Appearance of Cushing’s syndrome

A

Moon face
Buffalo hump
Enlarged abdomen

31
Q

Thyroid dysfunction

A

Hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
Increased metabolism

32
Q

Tachycardia & palpitations (A-fib)
• Hyperactive reflexes
• Increased sweating & heat intolerance

A

Hyperthyroidism

33
Q

Weight loss and increased appetite
Exopthalmos
• Fatigue, weakness
Polydipsia

A

Hyperthyroidism

34
Q

Most common disorder of thyroid

A

Hypothyroidism

35
Q

May be due to thyroid ablation

A

Hypothyroidism

36
Q

Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

A 
Cold intolerance 
Weight gain
Fatigue 
Headache
Dry skin
NM Sx
37
Q

Parathyroid hormone regulates

A

Calcium and phosphorous metabolism

38
Q
  • Increased release of calcium from bone• Female > male
  • Age: > 60 years
  • Osteopenia – bone pain
  • Kidney damage
A

• Hyperparathyroidism

39
Q

Ppl with hypoparathyroidism have (4)

A

Hypocalcemia
Nm irritability
Dry skin
Brittle fingernails

40
Q

Porous bone

A

Osteoporosis

41
Q

Risk factors of osteoporosis

A 
Aging 
Women
Menopause 
Family history 
Low weight 
White or Asian
42
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis

A 
Not enough calcium and Vit D, fruits or veggies 
Too much protein, salt, coffee
Not active 
Smoking
Too much alcohol 
Losing weight 
Anorexic
43
Q

Two main risk factors for secondary osteoporosis

A

Meds

Endocrine and metabolic disorders

44
Q

Medication risk factors for osteoporosis

A

Corticosteroid
Anticoagulants
Thyroid supplements
Immunosuppressant

45
Q

Endocrine and metabolic disorders

A

Adrenal insufficiency
Cushings disease
Acromegaly
Hyperparathyroidism

46
Q

Signs and Sx of osteoporosis

A 
“Silent” early 
Back pain: mild-severe 
Loss of height 
Increased thoracic kyphosis 
Dowagers hump
47
Q

CPR for osteoporotic vertebral compression Fx

A

More than 52 years old
No leg pain or exercise
BMI less than 22
Female

48
Q

Rule in or out for osteoporotic vertebral compression Fx

A

Rule out less than 2

Rule in more than 4

Differential Diagnosis (7 decks)

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