4] Metabolic Disease

Question 1

2 main types of dysfunction in endocrine and metabolic disease

Answer 1

Hormonal imbalance

Tumor

Question 2

Some signs and Sx of endocrine and metabolic disease

Answer 2

Muscular weakness
Carpal tunnel syndrome bilateral 
Periarthritis 
Calcitic tendinitis 
Adhesive capsulitis 
Mental and vital sign changes

Question 3

Hypo or insufficiency of hormone or hyperactivity

Answer 3

Adrenal gland

Question 4

Screening for endocrine and metabolic disease

Answer 4

Check for nodules in the thyroids

Question 5

Pain would be in the

Answer 5

Joint or muscle

Question 6

Many conditions in endocrine and metabolic disease may cause

Answer 6

Bilateral proximal Sx

Question 7

Red flag

Answer 7

PT is not helping improve

Question 8

Digestive enzymes

Answer 8

Exocrine

Question 9

Insulin and glucagon

Answer 9

Endocrine

Question 10

Type I diabetes

Answer 10

Children – young adults

Insufficient insulin production

Question 11

Type II DM

Answer 11

After 40 years old

Defective insulin

Question 12

Risk factors for type I DM

Answer 12

Family history
Genetics
Geography
Age

Question 13

Risk factors for type II DM

Answer 13

No exercise
Fat
Family Hx
Race
More than 45 years old
HTN
Low HDL
Smoker 
Gestational diabetes or more than 9 lb baby

Question 14

Signs and Sx of DM

Answer 14

Polyuria 
Polydipsia 
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Tired and weak
Blurry vision
Irritable 
Recurring skin, gum, bladder other infections
Paraesthesia 
Delayed healing

Question 15

Hyperglycemia #s

Answer 15

Fasting more than 126

Question 16

Long term complications of DM

Answer 16

Atherosclerosis
Infection
Neuropathies
Periarthritis and hand stiffness

Question 17

Neural pathway connections to the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

What hormones are in the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 18

ADH

Oxytocin

Question 19

What hormones are in the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 19

HGH
ACTH
TSH
FSH
LH
Prolactin

Question 20

Increased secretion of HGH

Answer 20

Hyperpituitarism

Question 21

Long bones

Answer 21

Gigantism

Question 22

2 parts of adrenal gland

Answer 22

Adrenal cortex and medulla

Question 23

What’s in the adrenal cortex

Answer 23

Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids- cortisol
Sex hormones

Question 24

What’s in the adrenal medulla

Answer 24

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 25

Primary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 25

Addison’s disease

Question 26

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

Answer 26

Decreased ACTH acting on adrenals

Question 27

Primary and secondary insufficiency can cause

Answer 27

``` Hyperpigmentation Hypotension Fatigue Hypercalcemia Hypoglycemia Secondary- myalgia, arthralgia ```

Question 28

Too much cortisol is

Answer 28

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 29

Characteristics of Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 29

Muscle wasting and weakness Bone loss (kyphosis) HTN

Question 30

Appearance of Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 30

Moon face Buffalo hump Enlarged abdomen

Question 31

Thyroid dysfunction

Answer 31

Hyperthyroidism Graves’ disease Increased metabolism

Question 32

Tachycardia & palpitations (A-fib) • Hyperactive reflexes • Increased sweating & heat intolerance

Answer 32

Hyperthyroidism

Question 33

Weight loss and increased appetite Exopthalmos • Fatigue, weakness Polydipsia

Answer 33

Hyperthyroidism

Question 34

Most common disorder of thyroid

Answer 34

Hypothyroidism

Question 35

May be due to thyroid ablation

Answer 35

Hypothyroidism

Question 36

Signs and Sx of hypothyroidism

Answer 36

``` Cold intolerance Weight gain Fatigue Headache Dry skin NM Sx ```

Question 37

Parathyroid hormone regulates

Answer 37

Calcium and phosphorous metabolism

Question 38

* Increased release of calcium from bone• Female > male * Age: > 60 years * Osteopenia – bone pain * Kidney damage

Answer 38

• Hyperparathyroidism

Question 39

Ppl with hypoparathyroidism have (4)

Answer 39

Hypocalcemia Nm irritability Dry skin Brittle fingernails

Question 40

Porous bone

Answer 40

Osteoporosis

Question 41

Risk factors of osteoporosis

Answer 41

``` Aging Women Menopause Family history Low weight White or Asian ```

Question 42

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 42

``` Not enough calcium and Vit D, fruits or veggies Too much protein, salt, coffee Not active Smoking Too much alcohol Losing weight Anorexic ```

Question 43

Two main risk factors for secondary osteoporosis

Answer 43

Meds | Endocrine and metabolic disorders

Question 44

Medication risk factors for osteoporosis

Answer 44

Corticosteroid Anticoagulants Thyroid supplements Immunosuppressant

Question 45

Endocrine and metabolic disorders

Answer 45

Adrenal insufficiency Cushings disease Acromegaly Hyperparathyroidism

Question 46

Signs and Sx of osteoporosis

Answer 46

``` “Silent” early Back pain: mild-severe Loss of height Increased thoracic kyphosis Dowagers hump ```

Question 47

CPR for osteoporotic vertebral compression Fx

Answer 47

More than 52 years old No leg pain or exercise BMI less than 22 Female

Question 48

Rule in or out for osteoporotic vertebral compression Fx

Answer 48

Rule out less than 2 | Rule in more than 4