5.a

Question 1

salicin

Answer 1

source - bark of white willow
growing conditions - widespread on rover banks, floodplains, wetlands throughout the temperate zone - thrives on a range of soils, from light sand s to heavy clay
medical usage - acts like aspirin - pain relief, gout

Question 2

quinine

Answer 2

source - dried bark evergreen tree
growing condition s- av temp above 20 with annual rainfall in excess of 2000mm over atleast 8 months
medical usage - kills malarial parasite in red blood cells

Question 3

morphine

Answer 3

source - dried latex from seed pods of species of opium poppy
growing conditions - warm and humid - clear and sunny - 38 degrees with deep clay that’s well drained and rich in humus
medical usage - pain relief

Question 4

artemisinin

Answer 4

source - atemesia annua plant
growing conditions - temperate climate - optimal of 13-29 degrees and forest tolerant and at least 600mm rainfall
medicinal usage - anti malarial drug

Question 5

rosy periwinkle

Answer 5

growing conditions - requires a warm tropical climate without frost, where soils are well drained but moisture retaining and slightly acidic
treatment - very ling established - treatment of wasp stings in India to diabetes in China, also a popular ornamental garden plant. the 2 alkaloids on it also makes in available to treat child leukaemia and Hodgkins disease

Question 6

benefits of sourcing medicinal plants from nature

Answer 6

• Rosy periwinkle good because contains those two alkaloids that can help treat and increase the survival rate fro child leukaemia and Hoskins disease
• Eli Lily has benefitted (TNC) - $65m annually and supplies this medicinal care and treat many people - consumer benefited decreasing cancer rates
• Nagoya protocol - equitably share profits and benefits gained from using genetic resources and address associated rights fro indigenous people
• IN Samoa - use medicinal plants as not only a means of conserving habitats but entire ecosystems - indigenous people conserving ut and pharmaceutical companies divert part of their profits from drug royalties to help local communities - in 1980s scientists identifier powerful drug to help treat HIV found in samoan rainforest and part of the revenue from the sale returned to Samoa as compensation for protection and to assist economic development in forest communitiese

Question 7

negative impacts if sourcing medicinal plants from nature

Answer 7

biopiracy - main issue - unethical exploitation as theses big TNCs dont provide compensation fro their profits to the communities that had the knowledge an provide the plant
deforestation - rainforests have a high biodiversity - containing 70% of terrestrial plant species and yet only 1% have actually be secreted for potential medicinal use 0 with rates of deforestation ave at 375km2/dat many species have gone extinct before being discovered to use them for medicinal purposes
- TCMs - causing over harvesting widespread decrease in plant pop and genetic diversity - can lead to extinction and slow growing of those occupying highly specialise niches - very vulnerable