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Med Surg > 57 - Stroke > Flashcards

57 - Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of stroke

A

ischemia: inadequate blood flow
hemorrhage: bleeding

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2
Q

others terms for stroke

A

brain attack
CVA
cerebrovascular accident

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3
Q

common long-tern disabilities of stroke

A
  • hemiparesis
  • inability to walk
  • aphasia (no talk)
  • depression
  • partial/complete dependance on ADL
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4
Q

2 types of brain arteries

A

1 internal carotid/anterior circulation

2 vertebral arteries/posterior circulation

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5
Q

carotid supplies which part of the brain

A 
frontal
parietal
temporal
diencephalon (thalamus/hypothalamus)
basal ganglia
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6
Q

vertebral arteries supply which part of the brain

A 
middle/lower temporal 
occipital
cerebellum
brainstem
part of diencephalon (thalamus/hypothalamus)
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7
Q

ideal range for blood flow and CO for optimal brain function

A

750 1k mL/min

20% CO

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8
Q

CO2

A

potent vasodilator in brain

-incr CO2 triggers an incr in CBF

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9
Q

CO must be reduced by ____ before CBF is reduced

A

1/3

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10
Q

increased ICP causes ___ + ___

A

brain compression + reduced CBF

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11
Q

____is responsible for 25% of strokes

A

atrial fibrilation

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12
Q

smoking nearly doubles the risk of _____ stroke

A

ischemic

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13
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

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14
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

episode of neurologic dysfunction

  • caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia
  • WITHOUT acure infarction of the brain
  • symtpms typically last 1 hr
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15
Q

s/s if carotid system is involved w TIA…

A 
-temporary vision loss in 1 eye aka
amaurosis fugax
-temp hemiparesis
-numb/loss of sensatn
-aphasia
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16
Q

s/s if vertebrobasilar system is involved w TIA…

A
  • tinnitus
  • vertigo
  • darkened/blurred vision
17
Q

stroke vs TIA

A

strokes have infarction

18
Q

2 types of ischemic strokes

A

thrombotic: injury to bld vssl + formation of bld clot
embolic: when an embolus lodges > occludes cerebral artery

19
Q

60% of strokes are

A

thrombotic

20
Q

is decr LOC a sign of ischemic stroke?

A

decr LOC is rare in first 24 hrs

21
Q

thrombotic vs embolic s/s

A

embolic has a more severe onset + manifestations

22
Q

common cause of embolic stroke in the young

A

rheumatic heart disease

23
Q

most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage

A

HTN

24
Q

4 phases of a seizure

A 
1 prodromal (senstn or bhvr chngs)
2 aural (sensory wrng each time seizure occurs, part of seizure)
3 ictal (1st sympt to end)
4 postictal (recovery)
25
Q

generalized onset seizure

A

starts over wide areas of both sides of the brain

26
Q

types of generalized onset seizure

A

tonic-clonic
tonic
clonic
atonic

27
Q

tonic-clonic aka

A

grand mal

28
Q

most common type of generalized onset seizure

A

tonic-clonic/grand mal

29
Q

tonic-clonic/grand mal

A
  • loses consciousness + falls
  • tonic (stiffens) for 20-30 sec
  • clonic (jerking) 30-40 sec
30
Q

tonic-clonic/grand mal

S/S

A
  • cyanosis
  • excessv saliva
  • tongue/cheek biting
  • incontinence
  • no memory
31
Q

tonic

A

occurs most in sleep

  • boths sides of body stiffent
  • less than 20 sec
32
Q

clonic

A
  • loss of awareness then loss of muscle tone
  • rhythmic jerking may or may not be symmetric
  • RARE
33
Q

atonic aka

A

drop attack

34
Q

atonic/drop attack

A
  • suddenly w pt falling to the ground
  • less than 15 sec
  • stays conscious
  • risk of head injury
35
Q

absence seizure

s/s

A

mostly in children

  • staring spelling less than 10 sec is typical
  • atypical is slight jerks in mouth or blinks
36
Q

myoclonic

A

-rhythmic arm abductn (3 mvmt/second)

37
Q

psychogenic/nonepileptic disorder

A

NOT a seizure

  • needs an EEG to exclude seizure
  • may be due to emotional trauma (abuse/military)

Med Surg (18 decks)

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