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Bio 2 Exam 4 > 56 Dynamics Of Ecosystems > Flashcards

56 Dynamics Of Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biogeochemical

A

Chemicals moving through ecosystems
Biotic and abiotic processes

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2
Q

Carbon

A

Is a major constituent of the bodies of organisms

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3
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

Metabolic reactions that make no gaseous compounds from gaseous ones

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4
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration releases?

A

Co2

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5
Q

Methanogens

A

Produce methane (CH4) by anaerobic cellular respiration

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6
Q

______ of the adult human body weight is water?

A

60%

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7
Q

Amount of water available determines?

A

The nature and abundance of organisms present

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8
Q

Ground Water

A

95% of fresh water used in USA
UNDER GROUND WATER

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9
Q

Aquifers

A

Permeable, underground layers of rock, sand, and gravel saturated with water

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10
Q

Changes in water supply

A

Changes in the supply of water to an ecosystem can radically alter the nature of the ecosystem

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11
Q

Deforestation disrupts?

A

The local water cycle

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12
Q

Nitrogen

A

Is a component of all proteins and nuclei acids
Usually the shortest in supply
78% ATM

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13
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

Synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds

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14
Q

Nitrification

A

N2–>NH3–>NO3-

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15
Q

Denitrfication

A

NO3- —->N2

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16
Q

Phosphorus

A

Is required by all organisms
Occurs in nuclei acid, membranes, ATP

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17
Q

Limiting Nutrient

A

Weak link in an Ecosystem, Shortest supply relative to the needs of organisms
N and Phosphorus can be limits for aquatic and terrestrial
Iron- limiting for algae

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18
Q

Hubbard Brook Experiment

A

Biogeochemical cycling in a forest ecosystem
Undisturbed forests are efficient at retaining nutrients

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19
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but changes forms

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20
Q

Energy exist as ?

A

-Light
-Heat
-Motion
-Bond Energy

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21
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Whenever organism undergo a Energy change some of the energy is lost the environment as heat

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22
Q

Incoming and Outgoing Energy

A

Earth’s incoming and outgoing flows of radiant energy must be equal to maintain constant global temperatures

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23
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

Heat accumulating on Earth

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24
Q

Tropic Levels

A

Levels at which an organism feeds

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25
Q

Autotrophs

A

Self feeders, make their own food

26
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Consume other organism for food

27
Q

PhotoAutotroph

A

Light as Energy Source

28
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

Energy from inorganic oxidation reactions( prokaryotic)

29
Q

Detritiovores

A

Eat decaying Matter

30
Q

Tropic Levels

A

1Primary producers; autotrophs (plants)
2 Consumers; Heterotrophs
3 First consumer level; Herbivores (mice)
4 Primary carnivores (Bob cat)
5 Secondary Carnivorous (wolves)
6 Detritivores (mushrooms)

31
Q

Productivity

A

The rate at which the organism in the tropic level collectively synthesis new organic matter

32
Q

Primary Productivity

A

Productivity of the Primary producers

33
Q

Respiration

A

Rate at which primary producers break down organic compounds

34
Q

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

A

Raw rate at which. Primary produces synthesize new organic matter

35
Q

Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

A

Is the GPP less the respiration of the primary producers

36
Q

Secondary Productivity

A

Productivity of a Heterotroph trophic Level

37
Q

Processing Energy

A

Fraction of incoming solar radiant energy captured by Producers

38
Q

Fate of ingested Energy

A

Amount of chemical-bond energy decreases as energy is passed from one trophic level to the next

39
Q

50% of chemical bond energy is

A

Not assimilated and is egested in feces

40
Q

33% of ingested energy is used for ?

A

Cellular respiration

41
Q

17% ingested energy is converted into?

A

Insect Biomass

42
Q

Number of trophic levels is limited by

A

Energy availability

43
Q

Limits on Top Carnivores

A

Exponential decline of chemical-bond energy limits the lengths of trophic chains and the numbers of top carnivores an ecosystem can support

44
Q

Ecological Pyramid

A

Pyramid of energy flow or pyramid of productivity

45
Q

Trophic cascade

A

Process by which effects exerted at an upper level flow down to influence two or more lower levels

46
Q

Top-Down Effect

A

When effects flow down trophic level

47
Q

Bottom-up Effect

A

When effects flow up through a trophic chain

48
Q

Human removal of carnivores produces?

A

Top-Down effect

49
Q

David Tilman

A

Species richness may increase stability of an ecosystem

50
Q

Drought

A

Decline in biomass negatively related to species richness

51
Q

Tillman Conclusion

A

Not accepted by all ecologists
Critics question the validity and relevance

52
Q

Species richness is influenced by?

A

Ecosystem Characteristics

53
Q

Ecosystem Characteristics

A

-Primary Productivity
-Habitat Heterogeneity
-Climatic Factors

54
Q

Habitat Heterogeneity

A

Accommodate more species

55
Q

Climate Factors

A

More species might be expected to coexist in seasonal environments

56
Q

Tropical regions have the highest?

A

Diversity

57
Q

Species Diversity Cline

A

Biogeographic gradient in number of species correlated with latitude

58
Q

Robert MacArthur & Edward O. Wilson proposed?

A

That species, area relationship was a result of the effect of geographic area and isolation

59
Q

Islands have a tendency to?

A

Accumulate more and more species through Dispersion

60
Q

Equilibrium Model

A

At some point, Extinctions and colonizations should be equal

61
Q

MacArthur and Wilson Equilibrium model

A

Island species richness is a dynamic equilibrium between colonization and extinction
Island size and distance form the mainland would affect colonization extinction

62
Q

Long-Term experimental field studies are suggesting? (EQ. M)

A

The situation is more complicated than first believed

Bio 2 Exam 4 (3 decks)

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