56 Dynamics Of Ecosystems

Question 1

Biogeochemical

Answer 1

Chemicals moving through ecosystems
Biotic and abiotic processes

Question 2

Carbon

Answer 2

Is a major constituent of the bodies of organisms

Question 3

Carbon Fixation

Answer 3

Metabolic reactions that make no gaseous compounds from gaseous ones

Question 4

Aerobic cellular respiration releases?

Answer 4

Co2

Question 5

Methanogens

Answer 5

Produce methane (CH4) by anaerobic cellular respiration

Question 6

______ of the adult human body weight is water?

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

Amount of water available determines?

Answer 7

The nature and abundance of organisms present

Question 8

Ground Water

Answer 8

95% of fresh water used in USA
UNDER GROUND WATER

Question 9

Aquifers

Answer 9

Permeable, underground layers of rock, sand, and gravel saturated with water

Question 10

Changes in water supply

Answer 10

Changes in the supply of water to an ecosystem can radically alter the nature of the ecosystem

Question 11

Deforestation disrupts?

Answer 11

The local water cycle

Question 12

Nitrogen

Answer 12

Is a component of all proteins and nuclei acids
Usually the shortest in supply
78% ATM

Question 13

Nitrogen Fixation

Answer 13

Synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds

Question 14

Nitrification

Answer 14

N2–>NH3–>NO3-

Question 15

Denitrfication

Answer 15

NO3- —->N2

Question 16

Phosphorus

Answer 16

Is required by all organisms
Occurs in nuclei acid, membranes, ATP

Question 17

Limiting Nutrient

Answer 17

Weak link in an Ecosystem, Shortest supply relative to the needs of organisms
N and Phosphorus can be limits for aquatic and terrestrial
Iron- limiting for algae

Question 18

Hubbard Brook Experiment

Answer 18

Biogeochemical cycling in a forest ecosystem
Undisturbed forests are efficient at retaining nutrients

Question 19

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 19

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but changes forms

Question 20

Energy exist as ?

Answer 20

-Light
-Heat
-Motion
-Bond Energy

Question 21

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 21

Whenever organism undergo a Energy change some of the energy is lost the environment as heat

Question 22

Incoming and Outgoing Energy

Answer 22

Earth’s incoming and outgoing flows of radiant energy must be equal to maintain constant global temperatures

Question 23

Greenhouse effect

Answer 23

Heat accumulating on Earth

Question 24

Tropic Levels

Answer 24

Levels at which an organism feeds

Question 25

Autotrophs

Answer 25

Self feeders, make their own food

Question 26

Heterotrophs

Answer 26

Consume other organism for food

Question 27

PhotoAutotroph

Answer 27

Light as Energy Source

Question 28

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 28

Energy from inorganic oxidation reactions( prokaryotic)

Question 29

Detritiovores

Answer 29

Eat decaying Matter

Question 30

Tropic Levels

Answer 30

1Primary producers; autotrophs (plants) 2 Consumers; Heterotrophs 3 First consumer level; Herbivores (mice) 4 Primary carnivores (Bob cat) 5 Secondary Carnivorous (wolves) 6 Detritivores (mushrooms)

Question 31

Productivity

Answer 31

The rate at which the organism in the tropic level collectively synthesis new organic matter

Question 32

Primary Productivity

Answer 32

Productivity of the Primary producers

Question 33

Respiration

Answer 33

Rate at which primary producers break down organic compounds

Question 34

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

Answer 34

Raw rate at which. Primary produces synthesize new organic matter

Question 35

Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

Answer 35

Is the GPP less the respiration of the primary producers

Question 36

Secondary Productivity

Answer 36

Productivity of a Heterotroph trophic Level

Question 37

Processing Energy

Answer 37

Fraction of incoming solar radiant energy captured by Producers

Question 38

Fate of ingested Energy

Answer 38

Amount of chemical-bond energy decreases as energy is passed from one trophic level to the next

Question 39

50% of chemical bond energy is

Answer 39

Not assimilated and is egested in feces

Question 40

33% of ingested energy is used for ?

Answer 40

Cellular respiration

Question 41

17% ingested energy is converted into?

Answer 41

Insect Biomass

Question 42

Number of trophic levels is limited by

Answer 42

Energy availability

Question 43

Limits on Top Carnivores

Answer 43

Exponential decline of chemical-bond energy limits the lengths of trophic chains and the numbers of top carnivores an ecosystem can support

Question 44

Ecological Pyramid

Answer 44

Pyramid of energy flow or pyramid of productivity

Question 45

Trophic cascade

Answer 45

Process by which effects exerted at an upper level flow down to influence two or more lower levels

Question 46

Top-Down Effect

Answer 46

When effects flow down trophic level

Question 47

Bottom-up Effect

Answer 47

When effects flow up through a trophic chain

Question 48

Human removal of carnivores produces?

Answer 48

Top-Down effect

Question 49

David Tilman

Answer 49

Species richness may increase stability of an ecosystem

Question 50

Drought

Answer 50

Decline in biomass negatively related to species richness

Question 51

Tillman Conclusion

Answer 51

Not accepted by all ecologists Critics question the validity and relevance

Question 52

Species richness is influenced by?

Answer 52

Ecosystem Characteristics

Question 53

Ecosystem Characteristics

Answer 53

-Primary Productivity -Habitat Heterogeneity -Climatic Factors

Question 54

Habitat Heterogeneity

Answer 54

Accommodate more species

Question 55

Climate Factors

Answer 55

More species might be expected to coexist in seasonal environments

Question 56

Tropical regions have the highest?

Answer 56

Diversity

Question 57

Species Diversity Cline

Answer 57

Biogeographic gradient in number of species correlated with latitude

Question 58

Robert MacArthur & Edward O. Wilson proposed?

Answer 58

That species, area relationship was a result of the effect of geographic area and isolation

Question 59

Islands have a tendency to?

Answer 59

Accumulate more and more species through Dispersion

Question 60

Equilibrium Model

Answer 60

At some point, Extinctions and colonizations should be equal

Question 61

MacArthur and Wilson Equilibrium model

Answer 61

Island species richness is a dynamic equilibrium between colonization and extinction Island size and distance form the mainland would affect colonization extinction

Question 62

Long-Term experimental field studies are suggesting? (EQ. M)

Answer 62

The situation is more complicated than first believed