5.5 Definitions

Question 1

Fat

Answer 1

An organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

The chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells.

Question 3

Cellular respiration

Answer 3

The chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 4

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 4

A form of energy that the cells can use.

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

The chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

Process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released.

Question 7

Cytosol

Answer 7

The fluid found inside cells.

Question 8

Krebs cycle

Answer 8

Part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced.

Question 9

Electron transport chain reactions

Answer 9

Part of the aerobic respiration process.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.

Question 11

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 11

The chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

Question 12

Lactic acid

Answer 12

An end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate.

Question 13

Lactate

Answer 13

See lactic acid.

Question 14

Ethanol

Answer 14

An end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol.

Question 15

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 15

Organisms that can respire only anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen).