5.5 Changing City Flashcards
What does deindustrialisation mean?
The decline of industry activity in a region.
What does depopulation mean?
The reduction of people in an area - people move away from the area.
What does decentralisation mean?
The movement of people, factories, offices and shops away from the city centre to suburban and countryside locations.
How has deindustrialisation affected London’s decline?
The decline of London’s docks caused by the docks being moved further downstream for deeper water because of the use of cargo ships.
How has depopulation affected London’s decline?
Parts of East London had unemployment rates over 60% - people left in search for work.
How has suburbanisation affected London’s decline?
Outer suburbs of London gained people while the inner lost. Many people left London altogether, 1.5 million people between 1951 and 1981.
How has decentralisation affected London’s decline? (Give examples)
This shifted the balance of shopping activity away from the CBD leading to growth in out of town shopping centres. E.g Westfield and Costco wholesale.
How has E-commerce affected London’s decline? (Give examples)
Buying products online (e.g Amazon) also decentralises shopping further.
How has transport affected London’s decline?
The electrification of surface rails happened in the 1920s making travel faster. So suburban office workers could be in the city in 30 minutes.
What does counter-urbanisation mean?
The movement of people beyond the boundary of a town/city into a village or smaller town.
What does gentrification mean?
The improvement of an urban area when a new professional moves into a run down area close to work, rehabilitating the area.
What does studentification mean?
Communities with a large student population, which can regenerate services and housing.
What does urban-sprawl mean?
When towns spread outwards in their size as people move to the edge through suburbanisation.
What is a green belt?
An area of land at the edge of an urban area that has strict planning controls, preventing new development and urban sprawl.
What does regeneration mean?
The closure of an area for redevelopment
Why did London grow into the green belt?
It grew because of suburbanisation, so people move into the suburbs for bigger houses with gardens - more housing space needed.
Why did people move out towards the URF? (Explain)
Because of counter-urbanisation, people move out of London and commute as transport has made it easier.
How does social factors affect the growth into the URF?
The baby boom in the 1960s, as people from that time created their own families so more space was needed.
How is London’s physical growth limited?
It is limited by a green belt which protects the countryside.
What does growth of finance and business do to the CBD?
It revitalises the CBD
How has the CBD been revitalised?
Through growth of finance and business.
How do TNCs invest into London and what does this do?
TNCs invest into London by locating them there which further attracts more investors.
Who is gentrification caused by and what do they do and who does this attract?
It is caused by wealthy people moving into run down areas and improving their houses, this attracts businesses.
What do studentified areas have and what does this do?
They have a high population of students leading to thriving services.
