5.4

Question 1

Clade definition

Answer 1

Clades are groups of species derived from a common ancestor
- include all of the species alive today, along with any common ancestral species and any extinct species that also evolved from the common ancestor

Question 2

Evidence for which species belong in a clade

Answer 2

Can be obtained from the base sequences of a gene of the corresponding amino acid sequence of a protein
- mutations in DNA that persist and are inherited occur at a predictable rate
- species that have a recent common ancestor will likely have fewer differences in their base or amino acid sequence

Question 3

Cladogram definition

Answer 3

A tree diagram that shows the similarities and differences between different species

Question 4

Nodes (cladograms)

Answer 4

Branching points on a cladogram

Question 5

What are cladograms based on?

Answer 5

DNA sequences of the amino acid sequences

Question 6

DNA evidence use to build cladograms can also be used to

Answer 6

• estimate when species diverged, when the common ancestor existed