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Sl Bio > 5.3 > Flashcards

5.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of plants (phylum)

A
  • byrophyta
  • filincophyta
  • coniferophyta
  • angiospermophyta
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2
Q

Byrophyta characteristics (plant classification)

A

Vegetative organs: rhizoids but no true roots (some with simple stems and leaves, others only have a thallus
Vascular tissue: no xylem or phloem
No cambium, pollen, ovules, seeds, fruits

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3
Q

Filincophyta characteristics

A

Vegetative organs: roots, stems and leaves are typically present
Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
No cambium, pollen, ovules, seeds or fruits

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4
Q

Coniferophyta characteristics (plant classification)

A

Vegetative organs: roots, stems and leaves are typically present
Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
Cambium: present, allows for development of plants into trees and shrubs, secondary thickening of stems
Pollen: produced in male clones
Ovules: seeds are produced and dispersed
No fruits.

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5
Q

Angiospermophyta characteristics (plant classification)

A

Vegetative organs: roots, stems and leaves are typically present
Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
Cambium: present in most, allows for development of plants into trees and shrubs, secondary thickening of stems
Pollen: produced by anthers in flowers
Ovules: seeds produced and dispersed
Fruits: produced for dispersal of seeds mechanically, through wind or animal methods

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6
Q

Classification of animals (phylum)

A

Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda

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7
Q

Porifera characteristics (animal classification)

A

Mouth/anus: n/a
Symmetry: none
Skeleton: internal specules (skeletal needles)
Segmentation: none
Other: porous, attached to rocks and filter feed

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8
Q

Cnidaria characteristics (animal classification)

A

Mouth/anus: only mouth, no anus
Symmetry: radial
Skeleton: soft, but hard. Corals secrete CaCO3
Segmentation: none
Other: stinging cells and tentacles

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9
Q

Platyhelminthes characteristics (animal classification)

A

Mouth/anus: mouth, no anus
Symmetry: bilateral
Skeleton: no skeleton, soft
Segmentation: none
Other: flattened body

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10
Q

Mollusca characteristics (animal classification)

A

Mouth/anus: mouth and anus
Symmetry: bilateral
Skeleton: most have a shell made of CaCO3
Segmentation: non-visible segmentation

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11
Q

Annelida characteristics (animal classification)

A

Mouth/anus: mouth and anus
Symmetry: bilateral
Skeleton: internal cavity with fluid under pressure
Segmentation: very segmented
Other: bristles often present

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12
Q

Arthropoda characteristics (animal classification)

A

Mouth/anus: mouth and anus
Symmetry: bilateral
Skeleton: exoskeleton, external skeleton made of plates of chitin
Segmentation: segmented
Other: joined appendages

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13
Q

Bony ray-finned fish characteristics

A

Scales/skin: scales which are bony plates in the skin
Gas exchange: through gills
Limbs: no limbs
Types of limbs: fins
Reproduction: external fertilization in most species
Life cycle: remain in water throughout life cycle
Teeth: teeth fixed into jaws, specialized teeth
Body temperature: do not maintain constant body temperature
Other: scales grow from skin, single gill slit, swim bladder for buoyancy

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14
Q

Amphibian characteristics

A

Scales/skin: soft moist skin, permeable to water and gases
Gas exchange: simple lungs with small internal folds and moist surfaces
Limbs: 4 limbs
Types of limbs: pentadactyl
Reproduction: external fertilization in water, protective jelly around eggs, larval stage in water
Life cycle: larval stage that lives in water and adult that typically lives on land
Teeth: vomerine teeth (upper jaw, front part of mouth)
Body temperature: do not maintain constant body temperature
Other: soft moist permeable skin

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15
Q

Reptiles characteristics

A

Scales/skin: impermeable skin covered in scales of sceratin
Gas exchange: lungs with extensive folding
Limbs: 4 limbs
Types of limbs: pentadactyl
Reproduction: internal fertilization, soft egg shells
Teeth: simple teeth with no living tissue
Body temperature: do no maintain constant body temperature
Other: dry scaly impermeable skin

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16
Q

Birds characteristics

A

Scales/skin: skin with feathers made of keratin
Gas exchange: lungs with parabronchial tubes
Limbs: 6 limbs
Types of limbs: 4 pentadactyl, 2 limbs modified as wings
Reproduction: external fertilization, hard shells around eggs
Teeth: no teeth
Body temperature: maintain constant body temperature
Other: feathers growing from skin, beak no teeth

17
Q

Mammals characteristics

A

Scales/skin: skin has follicles with hair made of keratin
Gas exchange: lungs with alveoli
Limbs: 4 limbs
Types of limbs: pentadactyl
Reproduction: internal fertilization, give birth to live young, mammary glands secrete mink
Teeth: teeth with living tissue
Body temperature: maintain constant temperature
Other: hairs growing from skin

18
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

Two named naming system:
Genus species <— if written
Genus species <— if typed

19
Q

Can subspecies interbreed?

A

Yes,
Subspecies may interbreed if barrier/challenge (such as distance) is removed
Eg. Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) and Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae*)

20
Q

Three domains of organisms

A
  • Eubacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukaryote
21
Q

Eubacteria (domains of organisms)

A

Nuclear membrane: n/a
Histones associated with DNA: absent
presence of introns: rare/absent
Structure of cell walls: made of peptidoglycan
Cell membranes differences: glycerol-ester lipids; unbranched side chains; d-form of glycerol

22
Q

Archaea (domains of organisms)

A

Nuclear membrane: n/a
Histones associated with DNA: proteins similar to histones bound to DNA
presence of introns: present in some genes
Structure of cell walls: not made of peptidoglycan
Cell membranes differences: glycerol-ester lipids; unbranched side chains; l-form of glycerol

23
Q

Eukaryote (domains of organisms)

A

Nuclear membrane: present
Histones associated with DNA: present
presence of introns: frequent
Structure of cell walls: not made of peptidoglycan
Cell membranes differences: glycerol-ester lipids; unbranched side chains; d-form of glycerol

24
Q

Order of classification
(Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup)

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
25
Q

Taxon

A

Scientifically classified group

26
Q

Natural classification

A

Grouping together species that share a common ancestor from which they evolved
(Darwinian principle of common descent)

27
Q

Artificial classification

A

Groups together species that do not share a common ancestor
For example, grouping together birds, bees and bats

28
Q

Issues with natural classification

A
  • Convergent evolution may cause distantly related species to appear superficially related
  • adaptive radiation can make closely related species appear very different
29
Q

Why is ribisomal RNA a good way to track evolution over long time periods?

A

Ribosomal RNA is found in all organisms and evolves slowly

30
Q

Dichotomous keys

A

Can be used to identify species
- keys place specimen with most closely related species, genus, family or phyla
- can help predict the characteristics of a new species

Sl Bio (17 decks)

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