5.3 retrieving information from memory Flashcards
recall
A measure of long-term memory retrieval that requires the reproduction of the information with essentially no retrieval cues.
relearning
The savings method of measuring long-term memory retrieval in which the measure is the amount of time saved when learning information for the second time.
recognition
A measure of long-term memory retrieval that only requires the identification of the information in the presence of retrieval cues.
encoding failure theory
A theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the failure to encode the information into long-term memory.
storage decay theory
A theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the decay of the biological representation of the information and that periodic usage of the information will help to maintain it in storage.
interference theory
A theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to other information in memory interfering and thereby making the to-be-remembered information inaccessible.
proactive interference
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the retrieval of new information.
retroactive interference
The disruptive effect of new learning on the retrieval of old information.
cue-dependent theory
A theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the unavailability of the retrieval cues necessary to locate the information in long-term memory.
tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon
The failure to recall specific information from memory combined with partial recall and the feeling that recall is imminent.
schemas
Frameworks for our knowledge about people, objects, events, and actions that allow us to organize and interpret information about our world.
source misattribution
Attributing a memory to the wrong source, resulting in a false memory.
false memory
An inaccurate memory that feels as real as an accurate memory.
misinformation effect
the distortion of a memory by exposure to misleading information.
