5.3 Oscillations Flashcards
what is simple harmonic motion
oscillating motion for which the acceleration of the object is given by a= -ω²x
what are the key features of SHM
the acceleration of the object is directly proportional but opposite to the displacement (it returns the object to the equilibrium position a α -x)
why is the time period of an oscillator independent of the amplitude
as the amplitude increases so does the average speed of the swing, so the period does not change- its isochronous
what does isochronous mean
the same time period (iso= the same chronous= time)
define displacement in SHM
the distance from the equilibrium positon
define amplitude in SHM
the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position
define the time period in SHM
the time taken to complete one full oscillation
define frequency in SHM
the number of complete oscillations per unit time
how is angular frequency calculated
ω= 2π/T or ω=2πf
what is the gradient of a displacement-time graph equal
velocity
what is the gradient of a velocity-time graph
acceleration
state the 2 euations that can be used to describe how the displacement of a simple harmonic oscillator changes with time
when t=0 x=A:
x=Acosωt
when t=0 x=0:
x=Asinωt
what are the units of angular frequency
rads^-1
which equation can be used to calculate the velocity of a simple harmonic oscillator at x
v=±ω√A²-x²
how can the maximum velocity of a simple harmonic oscillator be determined
vmax =ωA
explain why increasing angular frequency increases maximum velocity
the oscillator will be travelling the same distance in a shorter time interval
explain why increasing amplitude increases maximum velocity
the oscillator will travel a greater distance in the same time interval
for an object moving with SHM, what can be said about the total energy
the total energy remains constant
