5.3 Classification Flashcards
Outline the binomial system of nomenclature
The binomial system of nomenclature is used to asign a scientific name to every organism, composed of the genus, which is capitalised, and the species which is in lowercase.
For example: Homo sapiens
Some species may have a sub species designation.
Examlple: Homo sapiens sapiens
- This shows how closely related organisms are and allows the comparison and identification of organisms based on shared characteristics
Hierarchy of taxa
Plus examples - animal and plant
Lion
- Domain: Eukarya
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Order: Carnivora
- Family: Felidae
- Genus: Panthera
- Species: leo
Buttercup
- Domain: Eukarya
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Phylum: Angiospermophyta
- Class: Eudicotidae
- Order: Ranunculales
- Family: Ranunculacae
- Genus: Ranunculus
- Species: acris
What are the three main domains?
Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea
Artificial classification
One of the types of classification
Identifying one or a few characteristics first and then grouping organisms accordingly.
- For example, if organisms were classified according to the presence of fins then whales would be grouped with fish
- The disadvantage is that they do not generally show evolutionary relationships
Natural classification + advantage & disadvantage
One of the types of classification
Grouping organisms considering all of their morphology and characteristucs
- According to a natural classification system, all members of a particular group would have shared a common ancestor
- An advantage is that it can be used to show evolutionary relationships and predict characteristics shared by species within a group
- A disadvantage of natural classification is that taxonomists may need to reclassify groups if new phylogenetic evidence emerges
Bryophyta - features
Phyla from kingdom Plantae
- Lacks xylem and phloem
- Reproduce via spores released from stalk capsules
- No ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems
- Example: mosses
Filicinophyta
Phyla from kingdom Plantae
- Has a xylem and phloem
- Reproduce via spores in sporangia
- Have leaves, roots and stems –> the leaves are large fronds divided into leaflets
- Example: ferns
Coniferophyta
Phyla from kingdom Plantae
- Has xylem and phloem
- Reproduce by seeds found in cones
- Has roots, woody stems, and waxy needle-like leaves
Angiospermophyta
Phyla from kingdom Plantae
- Have xylem and phloem
- Reproduces by seeds from fruits or flowers
- Has flowers, roots, stems and leaves
Porifera
Phyla from kingdom Animalia
- Not symmetrical
- Has no mouth or anus (has pores)
- Not segmented
- Uses spicules for support
- Sea sponge
Cnidaria
Phyla from kingdom Animalia
- Has radial symmetry
- Has mouth but no anus
- Not segmented
- May have tentacles with stinging cells
- Jellyfish
Platyhelmintha
Phyla from kingdom Animalia
- Has bilateral symmetry
- Has a mouth but no anus
- Not segmented
- Flattened body
- Tapeworm
Annelida
Phyla from kingdom Animalia
- Bilateral symmetry
- Has mouth and anus
- Segmented
- Uses peristalsis for moving
- Earthworm
Mollusca
Phyla from kingdom Animalia
- Bilateral symmetry
- Has mouth and anus
- Non visible segments
- May have a shell
- Octopus
Arthropoda
Phyla from kingdom Animalia
- Bilateral symmetry
- Have mouth and anus
- Is segmented
- Have jointed appendages and exoskeleton
- Spider, crab, scorpion
