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APWH > 5.3-5.10 > Flashcards

5.3-5.10 Flashcards

1
Q

textiles

A

cloth items

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2
Q

spinning jenny

A

a machine that could spin several threads at once

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3
Q

water frame

A

powered by water; turned out yatf mich faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to the development of mechanized looms

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4
Q

James Hargreaves

A

invented the spinning jenny

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5
Q

Richard Arkwright

A

invented the water frame

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6
Q

factory system

A

a method of production that brought many machines and workers together into one building

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7
Q

agricultural revolution

A

a time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. the production of food rose dramatically.

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8
Q

crop rotation

A

a system of growing a different crop in a different field each year to preserve the fertility of the land.

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9
Q

seed drill

A

created by Jethro Tull, it allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths; this boosted crop yields

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10
Q

industrial revolution

A

a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s

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11
Q

industrialization

A

the development of industries for the machine production of goods

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12
Q

cottage industry

A

manufacturing based in homes rather than ina factory. commonly found before the industrial revolution

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13
Q

Eli whitney

A

invented the cotton gin, and revolutionized interchangeable parts.

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14
Q

interchangeable parts

A

identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing

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15
Q

division of labor

A

when work is broken into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers

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16
Q

specialization of labor

A

tp train or specialize people in cartain areas of work so that people can accomplish tasks quicker

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17
Q

assembly line

A

in a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker with each person performing a different task on a single product

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18
Q

enclosure movement

A

18th century privatization of common lands in england, which contributed to the increase in population and the rise of industrialization

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19
Q

capital

A

money for investment

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20
Q

seaways

A

inland waterways capable of accommodating seagoing ships; one of Britain’s geographical advantages

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21
Q

raw materials

A

the basic resource from which a product is made

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22
Q

manchester

A

city in England. one of the leading industrial areas; an example of an industrial revolution city; first major rail line linked Liverpool to this location in 1830

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23
Q

Liverpool

A

city and one of the largest ports in England.

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24
Q

Trans-Siberian railroad

A

allowed easier exporting of goods. provided transportation through the Ural mountains. allowed more people to settle in Siberia.

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25
Q

human captial

A

the knowledge and skills a worker gains through education and experience

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26
Q

company rule

A

the rule or dominion of the British East India Company on the Indian sub-continent .

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27
Q

coal

A

a combustable black or dark brown rock consisting of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits and widely used as fuel

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28
Q

coaling stations

A

seaports where naval ships could fill up with coal

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29
Q

alexander graham bell

A

credited with inventing the telephone

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30
Q

guglielmo marconi

A

Italian electrical engineer who is known as the father of the radio

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31
Q

transcontinental railroad

A

railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

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32
Q

steam engine

A

a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid

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33
Q

James watt

A

Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in the industry

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34
Q

steel

A

a form of iron that is both durable and flexible. it was first mass-produced in the 1860s and quickly became the most widely used metal in construction, machinery, and railroad equipment

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35
Q

oil

A

a viscous liquid derived from petroleum, especially for use as a fuel or lubricant

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36
Q

second industrial revolution

A

involved the development of chemicals, oil, electrical and steel industries. mass production of consumer goods also developed at this time through the mechanization of the manufacture of food and clothing. it saw the popularization of cinema and radio. provided widespread employment and increased population

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37
Q

mamluks

A

under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid caliphate of the 9th and 10th centuries. they eventually found their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria.

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38
Q

Muhammad ali

A

leader of Egyptian modernization in the early 19th century

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39
Q

Matthew perry

A

the commmodore of the US navy who compelled the opening of japan to the west

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40
Q

zaibatsu

A

large conglomerate corporations through which key elite families exerted a great deal of political power in imperial japan. by WWII four of the controlled most of the economy in japan

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41
Q

automatic loom

A

allowed for clothes to be made faster and changed bobbins automatically with out stopping

42
Q

Meiji restoration

A

in 1868, a Japanese-sponsored industrialization and westernization effort that also involved the elimination of the shogunate and power being handed over to the Japanese, who had previously existed as a symbolic figure

43
Q

charter oath

A

5 point policyissued by japans maiji emporer, which described japans plan for modernization calling for democracy, equality of class, rejection of outdated customs, and accenpence of foreign knowledge

44
Q

corporations

A

businesses that are owned by many investors who by shares of a stock

45
Q

stockholders

A

people or entities that own stock in a corporation therefore are it owners

46
Q

stock market

A

general term used to describe all transactions involving the buying or selling of stock shares issued by a company

47
Q

monopoly

A

complete control of a product or industry by one person or group

48
Q

cecil rhodes

A

British entrepreneur and politician involved in the expansion of the British empire from South Africa into Central Africa. the colonies of southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) were named after hi

49
Q

transnational

A

extending or operating across national boundaries

50
Q

Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation

A

the prominent bank established and based in hong kong since 1865 when hong kong was a colony of the British empire

51
Q

Unilever corporation

A

a British, dutch venture focused on household goods- most famously, soap

52
Q

consumerism

A

a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of those who purchase goods and services

53
Q

urbanization

A

the growth of cities

54
Q

Bessemer process

A

a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities

55
Q

socialism

A

a political and economic theory f social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

56
Q

Karl Marx

A

1818-1833. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. ofter recognized as the father of communism. analysis of history led to his belief the communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. believed in classless society

57
Q

Fredrich Engels

A

socialist who wrote the communist manifesto with Karl Marx in in 1848

58
Q

communist manifesto (1848)

A

a book written by Karl Marx. it suggested that there would be a social revolution in which the proletariat (working class) would overthrow the bourgeoisie (middle-class factory owners and then set up a classless, socialist community. this book was the blueprint for communist governments around the world

59
Q

means of production

A

the tools, factories, and and investment capital used to produce wealth

60
Q

communism

A

a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of al property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state; radical socialism

61
Q

John Stuart Mill

A

english philosopher and economist remembered for his interpretations of utilitarianism (1806-1873); championed legal reforms to allow labor unions, limit child labor and ensure safe working conditions in factories

61
Q

utilitarianism

A

the idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

61
Q

Labor unions

A

an organizatio formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

62
Q

proletariat

A

marx’s term for exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own means of production- the working class

63
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists and professional people

64
Q

Bushido

A

The feudal Japanese code of honor among the warrior class.

65
Q

genros

A

the elder statesmen of japan who formerly advised the emporer

66
Q

Mahmud II

A

ottoman sultan; built a private professional army; tormented the revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with the private army; destroyed the power of janissaries and crushed them with a private army. destroyed power of janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on western precedents

67
Q

Tanzimat

A

Restructuring reforms by the 19th century ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elited and make military and bureaucracy more efficent

68
Q
A
69
Q

transnational

A

extending or operating across national boundaries

70
Q

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation

A

Prominent bank established and based in Hong Kong since 1865 when hong kong was a colony of the British empire

71
Q

Unilever Corporation

A

A British, Dutch venture, focused on household goods, most famously soap.

72
Q

consumerism

A

a movemen advocating greater protection of the interests of those who purchase goods and services

73
Q

Urbanization

A

growth of cities

74
Q

Bessemer Process

A

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities

75
Q

Socialism

A

A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

76
Q

Karl Marx

A

1818-1883. 19th-century philosopher, political economist, and sociologist. father of communism. believed in a classless society.

77
Q

Fredrich Engles

A

socialist who wrtoe the communist manifesto with Karl Marxin 1848

78
Q

Communist manifesto

A

written by Karl Marx. suggested that the proletarians would over throw the bourgeoisie

79
Q

means of production

A

the tools, factories land, and investment capital used to produce wealth

80
Q

communism

A

theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common. actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. radical socialism

81
Q

John Stuart Mill

A

english philosopher and economist. interpretation of ultarianism. allow labor unions, limit child labor, ensure safe working conditions

82
Q

utilitarianism

A

idea that the goal of society should be to bring the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people

83
Q

labor unions

A

an organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

84
Q

Proletariat

A

Marx’s terms for the lower or exploited class. those who do not own the means of production.

85
Q

bourgeoisie

A

middle class, including merchants industrialists and professional people

86
Q

Bushido

A

Feudal Japan Code of Honor among the warrior class

87
Q

genros

A

elder statesmen of Japan who formerly advised the Emporer

88
Q

Mahmud II

A

Ottoman sultan: built private professional army which he used to crush janissaries

89
Q

Tanzimat

A

restructuring reforms by the 19th century Ottoman rulers intended to move civil law away from religious elites and make bureaucracy more efficient

90
Q

Hatt-i Humayun

A

far-reaching reform decree issued by Sultan Abdul Mejid I in 1856. took away political power from religious figureheads

91
Q

millets

A

self-governing religious communities

92
Q

self-strengthening movement

A

Late 19th century movement from china to counter the challenge from the west. led by provincial leaders

93
Q

Emporer guangxu

A

in 1898, he implemented the hundred days of reform with a series of reforms such as westernized gov., schools and military

94
Q

hundred days reform

A

series of weseern style reforms launched in 1898 to attempt to meet a foreign challenge

95
Q

empress Cixi

A

dowager empress who encouraged and promoted the boxer rebellion

96
Q

mass production

A

efficient output of large numbers of identical goods

97
Q

tenement

A

a building where families rent rooms or apartments with often little sanitation or safetey

98
Q

slums

A

an overcrowded, dirty area of a city commonly in very poor conditions

99
Q

working class

A

a social class composed of people working blue-collar jobs. labored in factories and coal mines

100
Q

white collar

A

factory and office managers, small business owners and professionals

APWH (2 decks)

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