5.1 and 5.2 Flashcards
Enlightenment
a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly; emphasized individualism, freedom and self-determination and challenged the roles of monarchs and church leaders
Nationalism
a strong feeling of pride and devotion to ones country
Empiricism
belief that knowledge comes from sences experience, from what you observe throuhgyour experience, including through experiments
John locke
English philospher who advoctaed the idea of a social contract in which government powers are derived from the consent of the goverened and iin which the government serves the people; also said the natural rights are life liberty and property
social contract
an agreement between the people and the government signifying their consent to be governed
Tabula Rasa
John Lockes concept of the mind as a blank slate waiting to be filled with knowledge its emphasis on the impact of the enviornment and education was radical at the time
Philosephes
Thinkers of the enlightenment
Baron de montesquieu
wrote about the need for the seperation of powers and checks and balances in the govenrment; wrote the spirit of the laws
francois volitaire
advocated civil liberties, particurally freedom of religion, judical reform, and freedom of speech; wrote canditate.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
expanded the idea of the social contract; presented the concept of general will of a population and the obligation of a soviergn to carry out the generall will; wrote the social contract
adam smith
scottish economist who responded to mercantalism by calling for freer trade; generally advocated for governemnt that rediced their intervention in economic decisions
laissez faire
french phrase for leave alone; idea that governemnt should play as little role as possible in economic affiars
capitalism
an economic and political system in which that a countrys trade and industry are cintrolled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
deism
the religion of the enlightenment. belived that god exosted and created the world, but that he left it to be run by its own natural laws. denied that god communicated to man
Thomas Paine
Wrote common sense, seeking to convince colonists to support revolution against great britan; also was a deist who wrote against the church
conservatism
a belief in tradtional institutions, favoring reliance on practical experience over ideological theories, such as that of human perfectability
socialism
a system of public or direct worker ownership of the means of production such as the mills to make cloth or machinery and and land needed to mine coal
utopian socailists
theorists in the early 19th century whi favored equality in social and economic conditiond and wished to replave private propererty and compeition with collective ownership and cooperation
henri de saint simon
utopian socialist who wanted a society wgere people sould work together to create an efficient and beautiful place to work that produced things useful to society
chares fourier
utopian socalist who beieved in harmonious living communitiess; identified some 810 passions that woud make work mroe enjoyableand workers less tired
