5.1 and 5.2 Flashcards
Enlightenment
a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly; emphasized individualism, freedom and self-determination and challenged the roles of monarchs and church leaders
Nationalism
a strong feeling of pride and devotion to ones country
Empiricism
belief that knowledge comes from sences experience, from what you observe throuhgyour experience, including through experiments
John locke
English philospher who advoctaed the idea of a social contract in which government powers are derived from the consent of the goverened and iin which the government serves the people; also said the natural rights are life liberty and property
social contract
an agreement between the people and the government signifying their consent to be governed
Tabula Rasa
John Lockes concept of the mind as a blank slate waiting to be filled with knowledge its emphasis on the impact of the enviornment and education was radical at the time
Philosephes
Thinkers of the enlightenment
Baron de montesquieu
wrote about the need for the seperation of powers and checks and balances in the govenrment; wrote the spirit of the laws
francois volitaire
advocated civil liberties, particurally freedom of religion, judical reform, and freedom of speech; wrote canditate.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
expanded the idea of the social contract; presented the concept of general will of a population and the obligation of a soviergn to carry out the generall will; wrote the social contract
adam smith
scottish economist who responded to mercantalism by calling for freer trade; generally advocated for governemnt that rediced their intervention in economic decisions
laissez faire
french phrase for leave alone; idea that governemnt should play as little role as possible in economic affiars
capitalism
an economic and political system in which that a countrys trade and industry are cintrolled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
deism
the religion of the enlightenment. belived that god exosted and created the world, but that he left it to be run by its own natural laws. denied that god communicated to man
Thomas Paine
Wrote common sense, seeking to convince colonists to support revolution against great britan; also was a deist who wrote against the church
conservatism
a belief in tradtional institutions, favoring reliance on practical experience over ideological theories, such as that of human perfectability
socialism
a system of public or direct worker ownership of the means of production such as the mills to make cloth or machinery and and land needed to mine coal
utopian socailists
theorists in the early 19th century whi favored equality in social and economic conditiond and wished to replave private propererty and compeition with collective ownership and cooperation
henri de saint simon
utopian socialist who wanted a society wgere people sould work together to create an efficient and beautiful place to work that produced things useful to society
chares fourier
utopian socalist who beieved in harmonious living communitiess; identified some 810 passions that woud make work mroe enjoyableand workers less tired
robert owens
utopian socialist and wealthy mill owner who created ideal industrial communities in new lanark scotland and new harmony indiana. believed in education for children who worked, communial ownership of property and community rules to govern work, education and leisure time
zionism
a movement to create a jewish homeland in palestine
anti semitism
hostility or prejeduce against jews
classical liberism
belief in natural rights, constitutional government , liassez faire conomics nd reduced spending on armies and established churches.
fabian society
socialist group that promoted change through legal means
thedor herzl
austrian journalist and zionist. formed world zionist organization in 1897; promoated jewish migration to plaestine and formation of it as a jewish state
abolitionism
movement to end the atlantic slave trade and free al enslaved people
mary wollestonecraft
english wrtier and early feminst who denied male supremacy and addvocated equal acess to education for women wrote a vindication for the writes of women
dreyfus affiar
incidnt in france where a jewish captain wastried for and was fausly convicted of treason against treasinagainst the french govenrment
Declaration of independence
signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it listed grievences the colonies had with great britan and declared themselves as independent
liberte, egalite, fraternite
liberty, equality, brotherhood
Bastille
medieval fortress that was stormed by peasents for ammunition during the early stages of the french revolution
declaration of the rights of man and citizen
adopted august 26th, 1789, created by the national assembly demainding basic human rights
reign of terror
(1793-94)during the french revolution when thousands were executed as opponents of the revolution for “disloyalty”
Haiti
Port-au-prince french colony on the island of st dominuque
maroons
runaway african slaves
Toussaint L’Overture
important leader of the hatian revolutionand first leader of free haiti
creoles
decendents of europeans but born in latin america; resented inferior social, political, and economic status
mestizos
people of native american and european descent
peninsulares
poeple living in the new world, but born in spain or portugal
mulattoes
people of african and either european or indigenous ancestry
Simon Bolivar
venezualean statesman who led the revolts against spanish rule. putlines his goals and concerns for free latin america in his “Jamacian letter”
Lola Rodriguez de Tio
peutro rican who wrote patriotic poems that supported cuban independence.
propaganda movement
revolutionary group in the philippines led by Jose Rizal; distributed magazines, pamphets and other publications that agitated for grater autonomy for the filipino people from spain
italian peninsula
a long peninsula in southern europe on which italy is located
realpoltik
political realism or pratical politics espically policy based on power rather than ideals
giusseppe mazzini
“the soul” of italian reunification
risogiormento
“renewal, to be born”movement in italy to recreate a strong unified italian nation state
Guisseppe garibaldi
the sword of italian unification; italian general that gathered nationalistic volenteers and formed the red shirts to fight againstt he austrians and italian monarchs that did not want the italian states to unify
otto van Bismarck
Prim minister of prussia who intentionally provoked 3 wars. to provide poele witha sence of nationalism, used realpoltik and “blood and iron”to achieve german re unification.
immigration
movement of people froma country or nation to another country or nation
ottomanism
ideology developed by the ottoman government in order the strengthen their subjects loyalty and create a more modern unified state
