5.3/4 APPLIED LEC Flashcards
1
Q
composition of blood
A
platelets (clotting), WBC (defense, engulf foreign objects), RBC (erythrocytes, transport oxygen)
determine by hematocrit analysis
2
Q
Red blood cell production
A
- produced from bone marrow
- Reticulocyte is then released into the bloodstream where it matures over 1-2 days into a
functional erythrocyte (red blood cell) - RBC have no nucleus, cannot control cell growth/repair
- cells replaced every 120 days
-RBC production depends on oxygen levels
3
Q
hemoglobin
A
270 per RBC, 4 iron heme groups (subunits), each able to bind oxygen
4
Q
inheritance of RBC type
A
- blood type expressed on chromosome 9, ABO gene
- ABO gene: codes for glycosyltransferase (modifies carbohydrate content of antigens on RBCs)
- A and B alleles dominant over O
- blood type depends on alleles inherited from parents
- type a blood = type a antigens, b type = type b antigens, Ab blood = A and B type blood, O type= no blood typing antigens (universal donors)
5
Q
When does red blood cell type matter?
A
during blood transfusions, mismatch cause immune system to recognize transfused blood as foreign, antibodies blind to these cells and form clots, fatal repercussions
6
Q
blood typing
A
determining RBC types
- glass slide with wells
- add blood sample
- add antibodies against different antigens (antibody against type A, antibody against type B)
if type A: well with antibody against type a will clot
if type b: clotting in well with antibody against type b
ab: clotting in both wells
o type: no clotting
7
Q
Dr Stephen Withers
A
- inspo from gut microbes that consume sugars
- bacteria can cut and use mucins (cell surface sugars) with their enzymes
- mucins similar to antigens on RBCs
- add bacterial enzymes to donated blood to cut antigens from any blood type and convert it to O type
- steps remaining before we can start using universal donor blood: preclinical trials (now), ensure its safe in human body, and wont lead to complications
