5.3 Flashcards
What is binomial nomenclature?
The system of naming organisms using two names
What are the three main reasons for using binomial nomenclature?
- To be sure each organism has a unique name that can’t be confused with another organism.
- So that the. A,es can be universally understood no matter what culture or language.
- So that people can’t change the names of organisms without valid reasons.
How are species named?
- provide supporting evidence if it isn’t already an identified species
- describe the organism (physical, cellular, chemical traits, ect.)
- naming it using the rules of binomial nomenclature
- process of peer review
What rules have to be follows when naming using binomial nomenclature?
- Use both genus and species name
- The genus type is capitalised but the species is not
- If typed, both names are in italics
- If hand written both names are underlined
What is a taxa?
Categories that scientist have generated names for
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes
why do viruses not fit?
because they are not considered living things so they are classified using a different system
what is the order of taxons from broadest to narrowest?
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what is a mnemonic to remember the order ot taxons?
King Philip Came Over For Good Soup
what is the preferable analysis used for classification?
DNA and protein analysis
what is natural classification?
uses ancestry to group organisms together.
what is artificial classification?
uses other things (like whereter things tate good ot no ot if they are poisonous or not) to classify things
why should we always use natural clasification?
it shows evolutionary links
it gives order to the large amount of living things
it allows you to predict characteristics shared by members of a group
what are traits of Bryophyta?
- nonvascular
- short/ close to the ground
e.g. mosses and liverworts
what are traits of Filicinophyta?
- vascular
- no flowers and have long thin leaves
e.g. ferns
what are traits of coniferophyta?
- vascular
- woody stems, needles instead of leavse, pollinated by wind and produce seeds enclosed in cones
e.g. pine tree, cedar tree
what are traits of angiospermophyta?
- vascular
- produce flowers, mostly pollinated by insects and fruit develops around seeds
e.g. carnations, apple trees
what are traits of Cnidaria?
- have stinging cells
e.g. Jellfish, sea anemone
what are trait of platyhelminthes?
one opening in the gut (for ingestion and egestion) no heart, flat shape, body not divided into sections
e.g. flatworms, tapeworms
what is a trait of annelida?
segmented worms
one way digestive track
e.g. earthworms and leeches
what are traits of Mollusca?
aquatic
most produce shells
one way digestive track
not segmented
e.g. snails clams octopus
what are traits of arthropoda?
segmented body
exoskeleton
jointed limbs
e.g. insects spiders crustaceans
what are traits of porifora?
sessile (stuck to the bottom)
no digestive tract
no muscles or bone or organs
e..g. sponges
what are traits of chordata?
have a notochord,
most have a backbone
e.g. fish and humans
