5.2 Flashcards
What is natural selection?
The process through which evolution occurs
What are the difference in variation between sexual reproducers and asexual reproducers?
Sexual: lots of variation
Asexual: little variation
Why is genetic variation beneficial?
If something in the environment changes then there is a chance that they will be individuals with trait that help them survive.
What is eugenics?
Controlling human breeding to improve the population by favouring certain characteristics
What is needed for evolution to occur?
Variation in the population
What can cause variation?
Mutation
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
If the mutation an advantageous what will occur?
The mutation will be passed down and become more common
Why do mutations have a smaller effect than sexual reproduction?
Big in each generation, only a few jeans, mutate, and only a few of those even produce an effect that makes a difference? Is
What causes variation in meiosis?
Crossing over of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1
Ransom orientation of chromosomes during metaphase 1 and 2
Why are sexual reproducers at an advantage?
Because genetic variety makes it more likely that an environment change won’t kill the entire population
What is adaption?
Adaptation is a heritable trait that gives an individual an advantage in its environment (not acquired)
What is the meaning of fitness?
The degree to which an organism inherited traits help it survive and reproduce in its environment
What is the reason for overproduction of offspring?
The more offspring produced the greater the change that one or more will survive to reproduce age
What does producing off spring require a lot of?
Metabolic energy
What is a consequence of overproduction of offspring?
Creates a struggle for survival: a high demand for water, space, nutrients and other resources give an advantage to their who are most fit for that environment