5.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The process through which evolution occurs

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2
Q

What are the difference in variation between sexual reproducers and asexual reproducers?

A

Sexual: lots of variation
Asexual: little variation

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3
Q

Why is genetic variation beneficial?

A

If something in the environment changes then there is a chance that they will be individuals with trait that help them survive.

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4
Q

What is eugenics?

A

Controlling human breeding to improve the population by favouring certain characteristics

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5
Q

What is needed for evolution to occur?

A

Variation in the population

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6
Q

What can cause variation?

A

Mutation
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction

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7
Q

If the mutation an advantageous what will occur?

A

The mutation will be passed down and become more common

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8
Q

Why do mutations have a smaller effect than sexual reproduction?

A

Big in each generation, only a few jeans, mutate, and only a few of those even produce an effect that makes a difference? Is

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9
Q

What causes variation in meiosis?

A

Crossing over of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1
Ransom orientation of chromosomes during metaphase 1 and 2

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10
Q

Why are sexual reproducers at an advantage?

A

Because genetic variety makes it more likely that an environment change won’t kill the entire population

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11
Q

What is adaption?

A

Adaptation is a heritable trait that gives an individual an advantage in its environment (not acquired)

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12
Q

What is the meaning of fitness?

A

The degree to which an organism inherited traits help it survive and reproduce in its environment

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13
Q

What is the reason for overproduction of offspring?

A

The more offspring produced the greater the change that one or more will survive to reproduce age

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14
Q

What does producing off spring require a lot of?

A

Metabolic energy

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15
Q

What is a consequence of overproduction of offspring?

A

Creates a struggle for survival: a high demand for water, space, nutrients and other resources give an advantage to their who are most fit for that environment

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16
Q

What are the steps of evolution by natural selection?

A
  1. Overproduction of offspring (that are genetically varied)
  2. Individuals with genetic traits that are poorly adapted for the environment have less of a chance of surviving
  3. Individuals with genetic traits that are we,k adapted to the environment have a better change of surviving
  4. Successful, more fit organisms have a better chance of reproducing and passing on their successful traits to the next generation
  5. Over many generations the accumulation of changes in the heritable characteristics of a population result in evolution and the gene pool has changed