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Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck > 5.2 CN VIII-XII > Flashcards

5.2 CN VIII-XII Flashcards

1
Q

What fibres does CN VIII carry?

A

Special sensory

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2
Q

What are the functions of CN VIII?

A

Hearing

Balance

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3
Q

What is the route of CN VIII?

A

Pons -> Internal auditory meatus -> Petrous bone -> Brain stem -> Primary auditory cortex in temporal bone

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4
Q

How can you test CN VIII?

A

Hearing

Balance

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5
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

Benign tumours of the Schwann cells surrounding the vestibular component of vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

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6
Q

What type of hearing loss does damage involving vestibulocochlear nerve, its brainstem nucleus or cochlea cause?

A

Sensorineural

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7
Q

What is presbyacusis?

A

Old-age related hearing loss
Both ears

(Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss)

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8
Q

What can cause disturbance of balance (vertigo) and nystagmus?

A

Pathology involving semi-circular canals, vestibulocochlear nerve and brain nucleus

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9
Q

What does presence of acoustic neuroma cause?

A

Compression of the whole nerve and CNs in close proximity

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10
Q

What symptoms may you get in acoustic neuromas?

A

Vestibulocochlear

  • Unilateral hearing los
  • Tinnitus
  • Vertigo

Facial
- Numbness

Trigeminal
- Pain or weakness down one side of face

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11
Q

Which CNs arise from he medulla?

A

Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Accessory XI
Hypoglossal XII

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12
Q

What types of nerve does CN IX carry?

A

GS
SS
A
M

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13
Q

What are the functions of general sensation of CN IX?

A

GS of soft palate, tonsils and pharynx (oropharynx)

Sensory from carotid body and sinus
- Senses pressure -> carotid sinus massage

Taste and general sensation posterior 1/3 tongue

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14
Q

What are the special sensory functions of CN IX? What is the clinical relevance?

A

Middle ear and tympanic membrane
Explains why an upper respiratory tract infection gives referred pain to the ear
(Pain in throat is glossopharyngeal)

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15
Q

What is the autonomic input of CN IX to?

A

Parotid gland

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16
Q

What is the motor innervation of CN IX to?

A

Stylopharyngeus

Helps with swallowing

17
Q

Which nerve is CN X?

A

Vagus

18
Q

Describe the route of vagus nerve

A

Medulla -> jugular foramen -> neck -> carotid sheath

19
Q

Which foramen does the vagus nerve exit from?

A

Jugular foramen

20
Q

What are the functions of the vagus nerve?

A

Sensory to lower pharynx and larynx

Motor to muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx

Parasympathetic to thoracic and abdominal viscera

21
Q

What structure dos the right recurrent laryngeal nerve turn under?

A

Right subclavian

22
Q

What structure does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve turn under?

A

Arch of aorta

23
Q

How can you test CN X?

A

Note speech
Swallow and couch
Say ahh observing uvula
Gag reflex - efferent limb

24
Q

What can cause hoarseness and dysphonia?

A

Injury to recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

25
Q

What nerve is CN XI?

A

Accessory nerve

26
Q

Which foramen does the accessory nerve exit through?

A

Jugular foramen

27
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A

Supplies SCM and trapezius

28
Q

How can you test CN XI?

A

Shrug shoulders against resistance

Turn head against resistance

29
Q

What anatomical area does the spinal accessory nerve run through?

A

Posterior triangle

30
Q

Which nerve is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal

31
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A

Motor to muscles of the tongue

32
Q

Which important vessels does CN XII cross?

A

Internal and external carotid arteries in neck

33
Q

How can CN XII be tested?

A

Inspection and movement of the tongue

34
Q

What would result from damage to CN XII?

A

Weakness and atrophy of the tongue muscles on ipsilateral side

35
Q

What does CN XII detect?

A

Detects afferent signals from carotid sinus relaying any increased pressure to the brainstem (medulla)

36
Q

How does carotid sinus massage work?

A

CNXII detects increased pressure

Efferent response is increased autonomic output via vagus to the AVN in the heart to slow HR

Yr 2 Sem 1 Head And Neck (8 decks)

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