1 Organisation of the Head and Neck

Question 1

What are the names for the two parts of the cranium?

Answer 1

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

Question 2

What nerve supplies the supra hyoids?

Answer 2

Cranial nerves

Question 3

What nerves supply the infra hyoids?

Answer 3

Cervical nerves C1-3

Question 4

What is the main action of platysma?

Answer 4

Depresses the corners of the mouth

Question 5

What nerve supplies platysma?

Answer 5

Facial

muscle of facial expression

Question 6

What nerve supplies SCM?

Answer 6

Accessory

Question 7

What is the action of SCM?

Answer 7

One: Lateral flexion
Both: Flexion of neck

Question 8

Name the condition caused by a dystonic SCM

Answer 8

Torticollis

- SCM involuntarily contracts

Question 9

What nerve supplies trapezius?

Answer 9

Accessory

Question 10

What are the actions of trapezius?

Answer 10

Elevate shoulders

Rotate scapula

Question 11

Name the borders of the anterior triangle in the neck

Answer 11

Midline of neck
Anterior SCM
Inferior mandible

Question 12

Name the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 12

Posterior SCM
Anterior trapezius
Clavicle

Question 13

Name an infra hyoid

Answer 13

Omohyoid

Question 14

Name a supra hyoid

Answer 14

Digastric

Question 15

What are the borders of the carotid triangle

Answer 15

Omohyoid
Digastric
SCM

Question 16

Advantages of the neck being organised into fascial planes

Answer 16

Ease of movement

Contains spread of infection

Question 17

What is the superficial cervical fascia made of?

Answer 17

Loose CT

Question 18

What can be found in the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 18

Fat, platysma, cutaneous nerves, lymph nodes and superficial BVs

Question 19

What is the deep cervical fascia made of?

Answer 19

Dense CT

Question 20

Name the 4 layers of deep cervical fascia

Answer 20

Investing
Pre-tracheal
Pre-vertebral
Carotid sheath

Question 21

Where is the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 21

Between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral layer

Question 22

Which potential spaces extend into the mediastinum?

Answer 22

Pre-tracheal

Retropharyngeal

Question 23

What can happen if infection spreads through the potential spaces of the neck?

Answer 23

Mediastinitus

Question 24

What is a risk associated with inserting surgical airways?

Answer 24

Spread of bacteria into pre tracheal space

Question 25

What supplies the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 25

Facial nerve (CNVII)

Question 26

What supplies the muscles of mastication?

Answer 26

Trigeminal nerve (CNV)

Question 27

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 27

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Question 28

Main roles of trigeminal nerve

Answer 28

Sensory to face and scalp

Motor to muscles of mastication

Question 29

What are the extra cranial branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 29

Temporal 
Zygomatic 
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Question 30

What gland does the facial nerve have a close association with?

Answer 30

Parotid

Question 31

What is the main arterial supply to the head and neck?

Answer 31

Common carotid artery

Question 32

What is the main vein draining the head and neck?

Answer 32

Internal jugular vein

via facial vein

Question 33

What does the external jugular vein do?

Answer 33

Receives veins draining face and scalp too

but runs more superficially than IJV