52

Question 1

population ecology

Answer 1

study of populations in relation to the environment

Question 2

dispersion

Answer 2

pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population

Question 3

uniform dispersion pattern may result from

Answer 3

direct interactions btwn individuals in the population

Question 4

why do some plants exhibit uniform dispersion pattern

Answer 4

they secrete chemicals that inhibit the germination and growth of nearby individuals that could compete for resources

Question 5

animals often exhibit uniform dispersion b/c of

Answer 5

antagonistic social interactions, ex territoriality

Question 6

territoriality

Answer 6

the defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals

Question 7

__ dispersion pattern not as common in populations as __ pattern

Answer 7

uniform; clumped

Question 8

3 factors that influence pouplation density and dispersion patterns

Answer 8

ecological needs of a species, environmental sturcture, interactions btwn individuals within the population

Question 9

demography

Answer 9

study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time

Question 10

life tables

Answer 10

age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population

Question 11

cohort

Answer 11

group of individuals of the same age

Question 12

best way to construct a life table

Answer 12

follow the fate of a cohort from birth until all are dead

Question 13

to build the life table, we need to determine

Answer 13

# of individuals that die in each age group; 
proportion of cohort surviving from one age to the next

Question 14

survivorship curve

Answer 14

graphic way of representing data in a life table; plot of proportion of numbers in a cohort still alive at each age

Question 15

animals that exhibit type I survivorship

Answer 15

humans and large mammals that produce few offspring but provide them w/ good care

Question 16

what type of animals exhibit type III and 3 examples

Answer 16

those that produce very large numbers of offspring but provide little or no care; ex long-lived plants, fishes, marine invertebrates

Question 17

examples of type II organisms

Answer 17

belding’s ground squirrels, other rodents, various invertebrates, some lizards, some annual plants

Question 18

describe bird surivorship

Answer 18

high morality among young (type 3), constant mortality among adults (type 2)

Question 19

describe invertebrate survivorship

Answer 19

“stair-stepped” curve. brief periods of increased mortality during molts, followed by periods of lower mortality when exoskeleton is hard

Question 20

in populations without immi/emigration, which 2 factors determine population trends

Answer 20

survivorship, reproductive rate

Question 21

reproductive table aka

Answer 21

fertility schedule

Question 22

reproductive table is an

Answer 22

age specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population

Question 23

best way to construct fertility schedule

Answer 23

measure reproductive output of a cohort from birth til death

Question 24

reproductive output for sexual species is

Answer 24

the produce of the proportion of females of a given age that are breeding and the number of females of a given age that are breeding and the number of female offspring of those breeding females

Question 25

life history

Answer 25

traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival

Question 26

life histories entail 3 basic variables:

Answer 26

when reproduction begins, how often the organism reproduces, how many offspring are produced during each reproductive episode

Question 27

big bang reproduction aka

Answer 27

semelparity

Question 28

big-bang reproduction

Answer 28

produce thousands of offspring in a single reproductive opportunity, then dies (parent)

Question 29

2 organisms big bang reproduction

Answer 29

salmon, agaves

Question 30

repeated reproduction aka

Answer 30

iteroparity

Question 31

iteroparity

Answer 31

several reproductive episodes, only a few offspring per episode

Question 32

in what environment is iteroparity more favorable

Answer 32

dependable environments where competition for resources may be intense

Question 33

in what environment is semelparity more favorable

Answer 33

low survival rate of offspring, as in highly variable or unpredictable environments

Question 34

K-selection

Answer 34

selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; density-dependent selection

Question 35

r-selection

Answer 35

selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments (low densities); density-independent selection

Question 36

K-selection tends to maximize poopulation size and oprates in populations living at

Answer 36

carrying capacity

Question 37

r-selection tends to maximize

Answer 37

r, the rate of increase

Question 38

r-selection occurs in environments in which

Answer 38

population densities will fluctuate well below carrying capacity or inidivudlas are likely to face little competition

Question 39

in many bird populations. ____ is a good indication that territoriality is restricting population growth

Answer 39

presence of surplus (nonbreeding) individuals