5.2 Flashcards
What is the primary legislation governing police involvement in sporting events in Scotland?
Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995
What types of sporting events may require police involvement?
Scottish Premier League football matches and international football matches
What are the main concerns regarding crowd safety at sporting events?
Crowd safety and acts of disorder
Name three stadiums where serious crowd safety incidents have occurred.
- Ibrox
- Bradford
- Sheffield
What does the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 prohibit at major football matches?
Possession of alcohol and being drunk
Define ‘designated sports ground’ as per the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995.
[key learning term]
What is meant by the term ‘presumption of contents’?
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What police powers are related to public transport during sporting events?
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List some relevant offences committed at a designated sporting event.
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What is the relevant offence in relation to The Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles (Scotland) Act 2022?
[key learning term]
What role do police have in intelligence gathering in relation to sporting events?
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What is the purpose of a Football Banning Order?
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True or False: The Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 allows police to control supporter behavior while traveling to and from sports venues.
True
Fill in the blank: The principles regarding crowd safety and control of alcohol apply to both _______ and lower league grounds.
capacity crowd at a large stadium
What is the primary legislation governing police involvement in sporting events in Scotland?
Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995
What types of sporting events may require police involvement?
Scottish Premier League football matches and international football matches
What are the main concerns regarding crowd safety at sporting events?
Crowd safety and acts of disorder
Name three stadiums where serious crowd safety incidents have occurred.
- Ibrox
- Bradford
- Sheffield
What does the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 prohibit at major football matches?
Possession of alcohol and being drunk
Define ‘designated sports ground’ as per the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995.
[key learning term]
What is meant by the term ‘presumption of contents’?
[key learning term]
What police powers are related to public transport during sporting events?
[key learning term]
List some relevant offences committed at a designated sporting event.
[key learning term]
What is the relevant offence in relation to The Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles (Scotland) Act 2022?
[key learning term]
What role do police have in intelligence gathering in relation to sporting events?
[key learning term]
What is the purpose of a Football Banning Order?
[key learning term]
True or False: The Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 allows police to control supporter behavior while traveling to and from sports venues.
True
Fill in the blank: The principles regarding crowd safety and control of alcohol apply to both _______ and lower league grounds.
capacity crowd at a large stadium
What must the Scottish Ministers do before the provisions of the Act can take effect?
Designate both the sports grounds and sports event concerned.
This includes members of the Scottish Professional Football League and specific events listed in Appendix A.
What is meant by ‘relevant area’ in the context of a sports ground?
Any part of the ground to which spectators are granted access on payment or from which the event can be viewed directly.
This includes areas where access is permitted without payment.
What does the ‘period of a designated sporting event’ refer to?
A period commencing 2 hours before the start and concluding 1 hour after the event.
This applies even if the event is postponed or cancelled.
Fill in the blank: A ‘controlled container’ means a container that is, or was, capable of holding any liquid and is made from a material which could cause injury if thrown at a person. Examples include _______.
beer cans or bottles.
Containers containing medicines for medical use are specifically exempted.
True or False: The relevant area of a sports ground includes areas that allow spectators to view the event without payment.
True.
This definition ensures access is accounted for regardless of payment.
What is the time frame for the ‘period of a designated sporting event’ if it is scheduled to start at 3pm?
From 1pm until 1 hour after the finish of the event.
This includes the time before the event as well as the hour after its conclusion.
What types of containers are classified as ‘controlled containers’?
Containers capable of holding any liquid and made from material that could cause injury if thrown.
Beer cans and bottles are common examples, but medical containers are exempt.
What are obvious examples of controlled containers?
Beer cans or bottles
The Act exempts containers that contain medicines for medical use.
What is the presumption of contents regarding liquid containers?
Any liquid found in a container is presumed to conform to the description on the container
For example, if a container states it contains cider, the liquid is assumed to be cider.
What happens if an open container is empty or has insufficient liquid?
The presumption still stands if the container was sealed when sold or supplied
This means the contents are still assumed to be what the label states.
What offences are related to public transport for sporting events?
Being drunk or in possession of alcohol on a public service vehicle or passenger train
This applies when the transport is used for carrying passengers to or from a designated sporting event.
Does the offence regarding alcohol possession apply to private motorcars?
No
It specifically relates to public service vehicles or passenger trains.
What does Section 19(1) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 state?
It creates an offence for being drunk or possessing alcohol on a public service vehicle used for designated sporting events
It also applies to the hirer or operator allowing alcohol on such vehicles.
What provisions exist for minibuses regarding sporting events?
Similar provisions apply if minibuses are used to transport two or more passengers to or from a designated sporting event
Minibuses are not classed as Public Service Vehicles.
What is a statutory defence for permitting alcohol on vehicles?
Proving it occurred without consent and taking reasonable action to prevent the offence
This applies to the hirer or operator of the vehicle.
What offences does Section 20 of the Act create?
Being within or attempting to enter a designated sports ground while in possession of a controlled container, alcohol, or being drunk
This applies during a designated sporting event.
What do club rules and conditions of entry allow police and stewards to do?
Search fans queueing for entry to the stadium
These rules are designed for public safety.
What powers does Section 21 of the Act grant to a Constable?
A Constable may:
* Stop and search vehicles for suspected section 19 offences
* Enter any designated sports ground during a designated sporting event
* Search persons suspected of offences against sections 19 to 20 of the Act
* Seize containers suspected of containing alcohol or controlled substances
* Arrest persons suspected of offences against sections 19 to 20 of the Act
This section outlines the police powers during sporting events and related offences.
Does the Act apply to Junior League football?
No, the Act does not apply to Junior League football but does apply to Junior Cup football if the final is at a designated ground.
This distinction is important for understanding the legality of actions taken at different types of football events.
What is the effect of police interaction with supporters during sporting events?
It can lead to greater cooperation and assist with the smooth running of the event.
Engaging with supporters is a key strategy for effective policing at events.
What is the most prolifically used pyrotechnic device mentioned?
Smoke devices.
These devices pose health risks, including triggering asthma attacks.
What are the risks associated with flares used in sporting events?
Flares can cause eye damage due to the bright burning light.
The use of pyrotechnics in sports can have serious safety implications.
What does Section 36 of the Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles (Scotland) Act 2022 prohibit?
It makes it an offence to possess a pyrotechnic article in a designated venue or event without reasonable excuse.
This section aims to enhance safety at sporting events.
What defines a designated class of sporting events under Section 36?
A designated class of sporting events consists of events where:
* Live sport takes place
* The public is admitted as an audience
* The organizer can regulate entry
* The venue has a capacity of 1,000 or more attendees
These criteria are essential for enforcing regulations regarding pyrotechnics.
Fill in the blank: Smoke produced by smoke devices is _______ and can trigger respiratory problems.
toxic.
This highlights the health risks associated with pyrotechnics in sports.
True or False: Damage caused by pyrotechnics on artificial pitches is inexpensive to repair.
False.
The repair of damage caused by pyrotechnics on artificial pitches is costly and complicated.
What does ‘pyrotechnic article’ mean?
An article which contains explosive substances or an explosive mixture of substances designed to produce heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of such effects.
Under what conditions may a constable search a person or vehicle according to Section 41?
If the constable has reasonable grounds for suspecting that a person has committed or is committing an offence under this act.
What should you NOT do with activated or spent pyrotechnic devices?
Pick up or kick away activated or spent pyrotechnic devices.
Who is responsible for dealing with activated or spent pyrotechnic devices at events?
Designated stewards trained to deal with these articles.
What is the role of intelligence gathering in policing football fixtures?
It allows accurate risk assessments to be conducted and appropriate deployment of resources.
What are the two broad categories of supporters involved in football disorder?
- Risk Supporters (or Football Casuals)
- Ultras
What should intelligence gained relating to a fixture or Risk/Ultra groups be submitted through?
SID
What details should specialist officers be aware of on match day?
- Details and images of any risk supporters
- Modes of transport used by risk supporters
- Places frequented before, during and after the fixture
- Any affiliations risk supporters have with other clubs
- Tactics used to avoid Police
- Details of any risk nominal who will engage with Police
- Methods of communication between risk groups
- Any links to Serious and Organised Crime Groups
True or False: Criminal groups use mobile telephones to communicate with opposing Risk Groups to organize suitable sites for disorder.
True
Fill in the blank: An increase in mobile phone activity amongst groups of Risk Supporters can be seen as a precursor to _______.
disorder
What is the role of a Dedicated Football Officer (DFO)?
DFOs provide a focal point for information and intelligence relating to policing of football and help minimize the impact of anti-social behaviour, violence, or criminality at football events.
DFOs contribute to the analysis to identify threats and trends.
Who should consider appointing a DFO?
All local policing areas responsible for the football ground of a Scottish Premier League or Scottish Football League club.
DFOs could also be appointed for clubs affiliated to the Scottish Junior Football Association.
What is the purpose of Football Evidence Gathering Teams (EGT)?
To support local divisions by gathering evidence of incidents of violence, disorder, and hate crime, and to provide guidance on legislation and policy.
EGTs secure video, still images, and audio evidence using hand-held and body-worn cameras.
What type of evidence do Football EGTs gather?
Video, still images, and audio evidence.
This evidence is available for reporting individuals to the Procurator Fiscal and for post-match inquiries if necessary.
Who commands the Football EGT?
The Event Policing Lead.
The size and format of the team depend on intelligence, match category, and expected supporter numbers.
When should Operational Football Officers (OFO) be deployed?
When the risk of disorder is high.
OFOs provide invaluable knowledge to Event Command decision making.
What is the function of Operational Football Officers (OFO)?
To provide live and relevant information for decision-making by the Event Policing Lead and act as a link between the police and a club’s supporter community.
They aim to increase trust and confidence between the police and supporters.
What can OFOs identify and report on?
Known or suspected persons or groups involved in disorder or antisocial behaviour and persons subject to Football Banning Orders.
This helps in maintaining order and safety at football events.
What are Football Banning Orders?
Orders introduced in Scotland under Section 51 of the Police, Public Order and Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act, 2006, which can be imposed on individuals convicted of certain offences.
These apply to individuals aged 16 or over who engage in violence or disorder.
Under what conditions can a Football Banning Order be made?
When a person is convicted of an offence involving violence or disorder and is aged 16 or over at the time of the offence.
The court may impose this order instead of, or in addition to, any sentence.
What is an offence related to a football match?
An offence is committed at a football match, while entering or leaving, on a journey to or from a match, or motivated by a football match.
The offence must be connected to the circumstances of the football match.
What are the two ways a football banning order can be made?
- On Conviction
- On Summary Application
These methods involve different legal processes for imposing a banning order.
What occurs during a football banning order made on conviction?
It can be requested in the ‘remarks’ section of a police report following a conviction for a football-related offence.
This process is initiated after a person has been found guilty.
Who can lodge a summary application for a Football Banning Order?
The Chief Constable can lodge an application at the appropriate Sheriff Court.
This application targets individuals residing within the police force area.
Under what conditions can a sheriff issue a Football Banning Order?
If satisfied that the person contributed to violence or disorder and it would help prevent future incidents.
Local Intelligence Officers typically carry out the investigation.
What does a Football Banning Order prohibit?
It prohibits the banned person from entering any football ground in the UK during matches.
The ban extends to matches abroad and may require passport surrender.
What is the consequence of failing to comply with a Football Banning Order?
Committing an offence punishable by imprisonment.
Compliance with the order is legally required.
List some designated classes of sporting events under the football legislation.
- Association football matches in the Scottish Professional Football League
- Highland Football League
- Lowland Football League
- Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup
- Scottish League Cup
- UEFA Champions League
- UEFA Europa League
- UEFA Super Cup
These events are specifically recognized in the context of sporting legislation.
What are international association football matches in Scotland?
Matches that occur under the jurisdiction of the Scottish Professional Football League
What is included in the jurisdiction of the Scottish Professional Football League?
Association football matches, except those specified in paragraphs 1 to 5 above
What types of matches take place outside Great Britain involving Scottish teams?
Matches where one of the participating teams represents:
* the Scottish Professional Football League
* a club which is a member of the Highland Football League
* a club which is a member of the Lowland Football League
Fill in the blank: Association football matches at a sports ground outside Great Britain involve teams from the Scottish Professional Football League or clubs from the _______.
Highland Football League or Lowland Football League
What type of events does the Scottish Professional Football League oversee?
Association football matches
True or False: The Scottish Professional Football League only governs matches within Great Britain.
False
What is the role of the Scottish Professional Football League?
To govern association football matches in Scotland
Fill in the blank: The jurisdiction of the Scottish Professional Football League includes all association football matches except those specified in paragraphs _______.
1 to 5
