5.1.4 Hormonal communication Flashcards
What is the endocrine glands?
hormones are released by the endocrine gland into the blood
they are ductless
What are exocrine glands?
they produce hormone that is not directly released in the blood
they have a duct that carries the secretion to another place
What are the 2 types of hormones?
peptide hormones - cannot enter cell
lipid based hormones - can diffuse through phospholipid layer
What is the action of adrenaline?
- hormone adrenaline is the 1st messenger
- hormone has specific and complementary shape to its target cell
- adrenaline binds to receptor causes adenyl cyclase in the cell to activate
-converts ATP into cAMP which acts as a 2nd messenger
-cAMP activates different enzymes/cascade of reactions
Draw the structure of adrenal gland?
- found onto of kidney
- outer layer is the adrenal cortex (produces essential hormones)
- middle layer is the adrenal medulla (produces non-essential hormones)
What are the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex?
cortisol;
aldosterone;
sex hormones;
(oestrogen and testosterone)
What is the function of cortisol?
- stimulates glycogenolysis;
- reduces inflammations;
-regulates blood pressure;
What is the function of aldosterone?
sodium and potassium ions in the reabsorption in the kidneys;
water reabsorptions;
control of blood pressure;
What is the function of sex hormones?
aid in the development of the gametes
What are the hormones produced by the medulla?
adrenaline;
noradrenaline;
What is the function of adrenaline?
increases heart rate;
stimulates glycogenolysis;
triggers flight/fight response;
What is the function of noradrenaline?
increases heart rate;
stimulates glycogenolysis;
triggers flight/fight response;
Is the pancreas an endocrine or an exocrine gland?
exocrine = enzymes are carried to the gall bladder in the pancreatic duct
endocrine = insulin and glucagon are released directly into the blood stream
Where in the pancreas are the hormones secreted?
Islets of Langerhands
What are the 2 types of cells in the Islets of Langerhans and what hormones do they secrete?
alpha cells = glucagon
beta cells = insulin