Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A level biology > 3.1.1 Exchange surfaces > Flashcards

3.1.1 Exchange surfaces Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why are specialised exchange surfaces needed in multi-cellular organisms?

A

smaller SA:V ratio;
oxygen cannot diffuse quick enough due to long diffusion distance to meet metabolic need;
higher metabolic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why aren’t single celled organisms require a specialised exchange surface?

A

larger SA:V ratio;
oxygen/nutrient can supply their metabolic needs due to short diffusion distance;
lower metabolic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the features for an efficient exchange surface?

A

increased surface area;
thin layer;
good blood supply;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why does an increased SA used for a specialised exchange surface?

A

larger SA = increase the rate of diffusion of substance (oxygen in humans, and minerals in plants)

root hair cell
lots of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is a thin layer surfaces specialised for exchange surfaces?

A

thin diffusion pathways

alveoli - squamous epithelial cells - one cell thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is a good blood supply/ventilation help a specialised exchange surface?

A

maintained a concentration gradient

gills in fish
alveoli in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Draw an image of the mammalian gaseous exchange system?

A

image on iPad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of goblet cells?

A

secrete mucus that traps dust/bacteria that enters the lungs;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the cilia in the ciliated epithelial cells?

A

cilia waft the mucus to the top of the trachea/back of the mouth;
where it is swallowed or coughed out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells found?

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role elastic fibres?

A

recoil to their original shape;
expel air;
prevent the lungs from bursting;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of a smooth muscle?

A

contract to constrict their airways;
prevent harmful substances entering the lungs

found in the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the cartilage in the mammalian gas exchange system and where is it found?

A

provide strength and support;
for the trachea and bronchi keeping them open;
it helps prevent collapse;
during breathing in;
as the chest volume increases;
there is negative pressure in the trachea;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the composition of the trachea?

A

C shape rings of cartilage;
ciliated epithelial cells/goblet;
elastic fibres;
smooth muscle;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the composition of the bronchi?

A

pieces of cartilage;
smooth muscle;
elastic fibres;
ciliated epithelial cells;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the composition of the bronchioles?

A

smooth muscle;
elastic fibres;
squamous epithelial cells;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the composition of the alveoli?

A

elastic fibres;
squamous epithelial cells;

18
Q

When describe ventilation what are the mneumonic?

A

D - diaphragm
R - rib cage
V - volume of thorax
P - pressure of thorax
PG - pressure gradient

Dr VamPire PiG

19
Q

What is the mechanism of ventilation when breathing in?

A

D = contracts and flattens
R = ribs move up and out;
external IM contract;
internal IM relax;
V = volume in the thorax increases
P = pressure in the thorax decreases
PG = air moves along the pressure gradient

20
Q

What is the mechanism of expiration?

A

D = relaxes and rises
R = ribs move down and in;
external IM relax;
internal IM contract;
V = volume in the thorax decreases
P = pressure in the thorax increases
PG = air moves along the pressure gradient out

21
Q

What is the function of the ribs?

A

protection of vital organs like the heart and lungs

22
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

aids inspiration and expiration;
by contracting and flattening

23
Q

What does a person do/have when using a spirometer?

A

healthy volunteer;
nose blocked by clip;
breathing in and out by their mouth;
at rest;

24
Q

What is the use of sodalime?

A

absorbs carbon dioxide that is produced when the volunteer exhales;
prevent individual inhaling carbon dioxide

25
Q

Draw a lung volume graph:

A

picture on iPad

26
Q

What is the vital capacity?

A

max volume of air person can breathe in and out in one breath;

4 - 4.5 dm3

27
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

air that cannot leave you lungs;

28
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

air breathed in and out at rest in a
500cm3

29
Q

What is the breathing rate?

A

number of breaths per minute

count peaks

30
Q

What is oxygen uptake?

A

the volume of oxygen take up by the lungs

31
Q

How is oxygen uptake calculated?

A

work out the gradient of a trace
gradient is steeper during exercise

32
Q

Why does the data from a data logger of a spirometer decrease over time in volume?

A

the air breathed into the spirometer has carbon dioxide;
carbon dioxide is removed by soda lime;
the oxygen is used in aerobic respiration;

33
Q

What is the formula to calculate pulmonary ventilation?

A

tidal volume x breathing rate

34
Q

How is a bony fish specialised for gas exchange?

A
  • have many lamella so there is a large SA for gas exchange
  • presence of secondary lamellae on primary lamellae
  • there is a short diffusion distance between blood and water
  • countercurrent system; to maintain a conc gradient; for faster diffusion
35
Q

What is the mnemonic used for ventilation in fish?

A

V = volume
P = pressure
W = where is the water going?
PG = pressure gradient

VamPire Water PiG

36
Q

What happens when a fish opens its mouth?

A

fish opens it mouth;
increase in volume in the buccal cavity;
decrease in pressure;
water moves down the pressure gradient over the gills;

37
Q

What happens when a fish closes its mouth?

A

decrease in volume in buccal cavity;
increase in pressure;
water moves down pressure gradient over the gill filaments out via the operculum;

38
Q

How does gases enter and leave insects?

A

via spiracles > trachea > tracheoles

39
Q

What is the function of tracheal fluid?

A

when muscle contraction occurs, aerobic respiration makes ATP;
less oxygen = anaerobic respiration;
lactic acid produced = cells pH decreases
tracheal fluid moves out of tracheoles into cell via osmosis
allows more oxygen to enter

40
Q

How does an insect aid in the movement and pressure of oxygen?

A

thoracic and abdominal movements = helps change the volume of the body cavity = causes pressure changes = helping air drawn in and out

41
Q

How would you be able to observe the spiracles in insects and gill filaments in fish?

A

insects = remove exoskeleton

fish = remove operculum

42
Q

What is the counter current flow in fish?

A

blood in the gill filaments and water moving over the gills flow in opposite directions, maintaining a steep oxygen concentration gradient = faster diffusion

A level biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions