(51) Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders (Adjustment Disorder, Berevement, Demoralization, PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder) Flashcards
What are protective factors for resiliency
supportive/cohesive family and external support system
intelligence, hardiness, autonomy
positive social orientation
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law that relates stress, performance, and learning?
performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point. When levels of arousal become too high, performance decrease.
What is Adjustment Disorder? Characteristics and time frame?
emotional or behavioral disturbances in response to an identifiable stressor that occurs within 3 mos of the onset of the stressor and does not last longer than 6 mos. Pt has marked distress and impairment that cannot be due to another mental disorder or normal bereavement
What are notable behaviors or thoughts that are NOT considered to be part of normal bereavement?
SUICIDAL intent
marked SELF-NEGLECT
persistent feelings of WORTHLESSNESS
intense/unreasonable GUILT
What is acute stress disorder? Characteristics and time frame. Who typically gets this?
symptoms ppt by acute stress or trauma: intrusive thoughts, anxiety, angry outbursts, nightmares, flashbacks
start NO LATER THAN 3 DAYS after event and NO LONGER THAN 1 MONTH
first responders and victims of disasters
treatment approach to acute stress disorder
stay calm, establish a relationship, promote help
Most common symptoms of PTSD
arousal: sleep problems: startle, irritable, poor concentration or vigilance, destructive behavior
intrusion: nightmares, flashbacks, forced recollection
avoidance of memories or external reminders
negative emotion and cognition change: amnesio, guilt, fear, anger, shame, detachment
What is trauma informed care?
how to communicate with survivors of trauma:
- recognizes need to be respected, informed connected and hopeful
- physician remains calm
- recognize interrelation between trauma and symptoms of trauma (substance abuse, eating disorders, depression, and anxiety)
- work collaboratively with survivors, their families, and other service agencies to empower survivors
- sees the world thru the pts eyes
PTSD Screening Questions:
- Have you had NIGHTMARES about it or thought about it when YOU DID NOT WANT TO?
- Tried hard not to THINK about it or went out of yur way to AVOID SITUATIONS
- Were you constantly on GUARD, WATCHFUL, or easily STARTLED?
- Felt NUMBED or DETACHED from others, activities, or surroundings?
What is normal grief?
preoccupation with the loss, sadness, guilt, anger, dispair, anxiety, desire for comfort or consolation from others coupled with the need for time alone, difficulty concentrating, anorexia, restlessness, and poor sleep
What is complicated grief?
intense guilt, prolonged anhedonia, and inability to find any meaning in life, and suicidal ideation. Increased ise of drugs and alcohol and is an intrinsically maladaptve response to grief and can have serious complications
What is anticipatory grief?
knowing someone is going to die and grieving before they are lost
What is demoralization?
pattern of maladation in which circumstances overwhelm normal coping–demoralized pts feel trapped, believe they cannot master what troubles them, and experience SUBJECTIVE INCOMPETENCE
- people facing impending death
- -may feel better when they are given more control over their circumstances (different from depression which in which people cannot enjoy anything and grief which is more fluctuating)
What can you do to comfort a grieving or demoralized person?
grieving = respond to empathetic social interactions with caregivers
demoralized = improve when given control over their circumstances, such as when allowed to make choices about their care or self administer treatment
