(5.1) Renal Pathology IV (Putthoff) Flashcards
Kidney stones become symptompatic when they enter _________
Kidney stones become symptompatic when they enter the ureter
What are the symptoms of neprholithiasis? (kidney stones)
Intense pain - renal colic
Ulceration and bleeding of ureter
Obstruction of urinary flow
What is the primary composition of kidney stones?
Calcium oxalate and phosphate
What are the predisposing factors to kidney stones?
Changes in urinary pH
Decreased urine volume
Presence of bacteria
What are examples of benign renal neoplasias?
Renal papillary adenoma
Angiomyolipoma
Oncocytoma
Renal ribroma/hamartoma
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor
How do you tell the intensity of various renal papillary adenomas?
Defined by SIZE
What are the size distinctions between renal papillary adenomas?
Benign adenomas <1.0 cm or less
Neoplasms >1.0cm or greater
Angiomylipomas
genes?
Loss of TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes
Renal Angiomyolipoma
Clinical significance?
On occasion, these may spontaneously rupture with MASSIVE HEMORRHAGE
Initial presentation may be shock secondary to massive retroperitoneal and/or intra-abdominal hemorrhage
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
malignant?
population?
risk factors?
Yes
6-8th decade
Cigarette smoking, HTN, obesity, estrogens, asbestos, chronic renal disease, tuberous sclerosis, aquired cystic disease
What is the most common form of renal cell carcinoma?
Clear cell carcinoma
Clear cell carcinoma are due to a loss of function of:
VHL
Both sporadic papillary and heridtary papillary are due to a mutated and activated…
MET
Clear cell renal carcinom is related to the deletions on chromosome…
3
Sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma is related to….. (what chromosomal abnormality?)
Trisomy 7, 16, 17
Loss of Y
Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma is related to….. (what chromosomal abnormality?)
Trisomy 7
What is the classic triad of renal cell carcinoma?
Hematuria
Costoverteberal pain
Palpable flank mass
Urothelial carcinomas are made of what type of cells?
Found where?
Transitional cells
Renal pelvis
What mutations are associated with Wilms tumors?
WT1 mutations
NOW ON SLIDE DECK 4
What is exstrophy?
A developmental failure in the anterior wall of the abdomen and the bladder
What is the vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)?
Urine from the bladder exhibits retrograde flow into the ureter and kidney
usually related to “valve” malfunction
Cystitis
Commmon?
Presentation?
VERY! Especially in women
Frequency, dysuria, pelvic/abdominal pain, low grade fever, turbid urine or hematuria
What are the most common etologic agents that cause acute cystitis?
E. coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Sorry he flew through this… look up key concepts testicular tumors p980
Wow.
