(3.1) Diuretics (Wolff) Flashcards
What are the (3) thaizide diuretics?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone
Chlorthalidone
What are the (4) loop diuretics?
Furosemide
Torsemide
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic acid
What are the K+ sparing diuretics (specifically the 2 Na+ channel blockers)?
Amiloride
Triamterene
What are the K+ sparing diuretics (specifically the 2 aldosterone antagonists)?
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
What is the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
Acetazolamide
What is the osmotic diuretic?
Mannitol
What are the (2) aquaretics?
”-vaptan”
Conivaptan
Tolvaptan
Define:
Diuretic
Substance that promotes the excretion of urine
Define:
Natriuetic
Substance that promotes the renal excretion of sodium
Define:
Aquaretic
Substance that produces free water clearance
What class of diuretics act at the proximal tubule?
Osmotic diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

What class of diuretics act at the thick ascending limb of henle?
Loop diuretics
What class of diuretics act at the distal convoluted tubule?
Thiazide

What class of diuretics act at the cortical collecting duct?
Na+ channel blockers
(spironolactone)

What class of diuretics act at the collecting duct?
-Vaptans

What are the common clinical reasons for administering diuretics?
Essential hypertension
Edema (associated with liver/kidney/congestive heart failure)
What’s a nice way to remember where the K+ losing vs K+ sparing diuretics act?
K+ losing act more proximal to the glomerulus
K+ sparing act more distal to the glomerulus

Hyperkalemia causes _________ on EKGs
Hyperkalemia causes tall T waves on EKGs

What is a paradoxical reaction of the heart to hyperkalemia?
BRADYCARDIA
Hypokalemia causes _________ on EKGs
Hypokalemia causes flattened T waves and tall U waves on EKGs

What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?
Block the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb
Loop diuretics are efficacious even when ____ and ____ are low
Loop diuretics are efficacious even when RBF and GFR are low
What are the adverse effects of loop diuretics?
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypocalcemia
Ototoxicity
What drug is among the few diruetics that can be used by people who are allergic to “sulfa drugs”?
Ethacrynic acid

